AGST 1000 Lecture Notes - Siltation, Fire Regime, Neolithic Revolution

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coffeesalmon272

12 Oct 2012

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Document Summary

Earliest stages of human evolution took place in africa. Increase in body size 2. 5 million years ago. A number of factors interacted: population pressure on resources: animals and territory for hunting becoming scarce. Climate volatility (becoming warmer and dryer) changed the environment, large animals went up the mountains and crops did as well. Growing crops and domestic herds of sheep and goat increased food security. Increased productivity of the land, of the young and the old in the community. The adoption of early farming techniques, crop cultivation, and the domestication of animals. An increased tendency to live in permantent or semi-permanent settlements. New deveolpemts in social organization(hierarchy and priests) and in technology (tools, storage) The development of land ownership, rather than agreement on usufruct rights to hunting territory. An increased reliance on vegetable and cereal food in the total diet. Trading economies that use surplus production from increasing crop yields. Ecnomonies where founder crops were adapted, prospered and trade followed.

Related Questions

The changed lifeways of the Neolithic revolution included the domestication of plants and animals as well as settlement into villages. How did these cultural transformations both solve the challenges of existence while creating new challenges for humans of the past and today?

Do you think that agriculture is the âworst mistakeâ in history as Jared Diamond (1987) argues? Is it possible to make changes to agriculture/domestication practices that are more environmentally sustainable? Or, have we reached the point of no return?

silverarmadillo464

If the Nariokotome âboyâ had survived to adulthood, he would have

been a leader of his clan

been obese

had relatively long arms compared to his legs

been around 6 feet tall

Homo erectus/ergaster appeared in East Africa about __ million years ago.

Fluorine analysis can only be used on which of the following?

Which is the earliest species of the more derived form of australopithecine, those with massive molars and premolars?

Australopithecus africanus

Australopithecus afarensis

Paranthropus robustus

Paranthropus aethiopicus

Evidence suggests that while A. afarensis was bipedal, they were also partly arboreal.

False

True

Evidence from Zhoukoudian suggests that Homo erectus

were settled agriculturalists

built wooden structures

intermittently occupied the area

kept domesticated animals

Evidence for butchering is lacking in all Homo erectus sites.

False

True

Early Homo is distinguished from the australopithecines largely by

the presence of a chin

larger cranial capacity

larger back teeth

shorter stature

Which of the following characteristics helps to define a hominin?

large brain size

arboreal quadrupedalism

large molar teeth

long upper arms

Currently, it is believed that hominins first left Africa

close to 2 million years ago

all of these

and went directly to North and South America

due to a geologic catastrophe

An African monkey has a DNA sequence that is 96.66% similar to a human sequence. According to the molecular clock, about how long ago did the common ancestor for African monkeys and humans live?

2.5â3 million years ago

5â6 million years ago

13â16 million years ago

17â20 million years ago

Humans and chimpanzees have a common ancestor that lived approximately 5 million years ago. Scientists have amassed an impressive collection of fossils for ancestors to modern humans and placed these ancestors in chronological order to observe the changes that occurred as these organisms evolved more human-like characteristics. Which lines of evidence provide the basis for stating that humans and chimps have a common ancestor that lived approximately 5 million years ago?

homologous structures in humans and chimps

DNA sequence similarity

changes in bone structure

vestigial structures in humans

Which description applies to a vestigial structure or trait?

It is the result of convergent evolution.

It represents evidence supporting the common descent and separate types models for modern organisms.

It did not have a necessary function in more ancestral organisms, but it does in more evolved organisms.

It is a type of homologous trait that is found in diverse organisms.

Which organisms are most closely related?

Bears and raccoons, which are both in the order Carnivora

Cougar and lynx, which are both in the family Felidae