BIOL 1010 Lecture Notes - Glycogen, Inositol Trisphosphate, Adenylyl Cyclase
Document Summary
Chapter 11: cell to cell communication occurs in all forms of life whether multicellular or unicellular. External signals are converted to responses within the cell. A series of steps converting signals on the cell surface into a: many signal transduction pathways have been discovered and studied. Interestingly, signal transduction pathways in yeast and animal cells are very similar. Signal transduction pathways also exist in prokaryotes e. g. , quorum sensing bacteria secrete small signaling molecules (acylated homoserine lactones, ahl). Ahl are used to sense the local density of similar cells. The bacterial cells can regulate gene expression using this form of signaling (i. e. , density dependent gene regulation). Signaling may be local or over long distances o plasmadesmata o animals. Local signaling - direct contact via gap junctions or. Direct contact through cell surface transducers and receptor molecules. Local signaling molecules local regulators such as growth factors (paracrine signaling) and neurotransmitters (synaptic signaling) Long distance signaling - e. g. , hormones in plants and.
