BIOL 1020 Lecture Notes - Archaefructus, Illicium Verum, Basal Angiosperms

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12 Mar 2014
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Water lilies, star anise, amborella: magnoliids share some traits with basal angiosperms but evolved later. Main groups of angiosperms: diversity, basal angiosperms: Only about 100 species in total (out of 250k angiosperms) Amborella: most basal species of known angiosperms, diverged ~140 million years ago: small shrug/tree, amborella does not have vessels (less efficient water transport) 60+ species in 8 genera: rooted in bottom of water bodies. ~42 species: asia, north america, anise flavor (similar to licorice) >8000 species: more closely related to monocots and eudicots than basal angiosperms, nutmeg, avocados, ect, monocots and eudicots. 70,000+ species: example, orchids (most species-rich angiosperm family, grasses, bamboos, bromeliads, lilies, grains, garlics, onion, bananas, gingers, ect. 170,000+ species: almost all dicots are eudicots, except for those basal lineages, poppies, roses, snow pea, zucchini, ect. Monocot-dicot comparison: embryos, monocots: one cotyledon, eudicot: two cotyledons. Threats to plant diversity: deforestation, especially in the tropics, ~55,000 km2 cleared per year, slash-and-burn agriculture.

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