AN SC100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Headache, Protozoa, Measles Vaccine
23 Jun 2018
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ANSC100 Immune System / Vaccines
Herd immunity: when a small percent of the population have poor immunity and een vaccines don’t
help, by vaccinating everyone around that small percent, it gives them better immunity by ensuring that
they won’t receive a virus from other people / animals around them (high percent of population to be
vaccinated against something in order to protect those that cant protect themselves)
Vaccinations: many routes have been successfully used:
Intramuscular injection (human flu vaccines)
Subcutaneous injection (majority of modern injectables for dogs /cats)
Oral (kennel coughs in dogs)
Intranasal (kennel cough in dogs)
Eyedrops (feline infectious peritonitis – corona virus)
Concept of Self vs. Non-Self
Recognition and elimination of foreign antigens without damaging normal cells and tissue
We want immune system to recognize self as self and invaders as invaders
Failures result in:
oTolerance (failure to fight infection) – we don’t want tolerance of pathogens
oAutoimmune disease (reaction against self) – we don’t want the immune system to
think our own body is an invader
oAllergic reaction (exaggerated reaction to non-pathogens) – we aren’t supposed to react
a huge immune response to something non-pathogenic such as peanuts
How can an Animal’s immune system be compromised?
Stress
Body condition
Parasitism
Nutrition
Effects on Immunity of Trace Mineral Deficiencies:
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ANSC100 Immune System / Vaccines
Decreased disease resistance
If sick, slower to recover or more relapses
Poorer response to vaccinations
Trace minerals affection immunity:
oCopper
oSelenium
oZinc
oManganese
Reasons for Vaccine “Failures”:
Incubating disease at the time of vaccination (animal / human already has the disease before
they get vaccinated)
Something happened to the vaccine to make it ineffective
oLive vaccines die when kept at wrong temperature etc.
Physiologic status of the vaccinated animal may make it less responsive or unresponsive to the
vaccine
owhen vaccinating a stressed animal is may not respond as well to the vaccine
The host may be exposed to an overwhelming amount of the infectious agent
Vaccine Factors:
Antigenic components
Homologous antigens (same antigen)
oThe specific antigen generations the formation of an antibody that in turn can react with
that antigen
Heterologous antigens (very similar antigen from related strain)
oEx: vaccinating dogs with the human measles vaccine back in the past will give some
protection against distemper
Cross protection
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Subcutaneous injection (majority of modern injectables for dogs /cats) Recognition and elimination of foreign antigens without damaging normal cells and tissue. We want immune system to recognize self as self and invaders as invaders. If sick, slower to recover or more relapses. Trace minerals affection immunity: copper, selenium, zinc, manganese. Incubating disease at the time of vaccination (animal / human already has the disease before they get vaccinated) Something happened to the vaccine to make it ineffective: live vaccines die when kept at wrong temperature etc. Physiologic status of the vaccinated animal may make it less responsive or unresponsive to the vaccine: when vaccinating a stressed animal is may not respond as well to the vaccine. The host may be exposed to an overwhelming amount of the infectious agent. Homologous antigens (same antigen: the specific antigen generations the formation of an antibody that in turn can react with that antigen.
