AN SC100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Coronavirus, Ergot, Mycosis
ANSC100 Infectious Diseases
MULTIPLE CHOICE OR SHORT FILL IN THE BLANK
Long answer questions will be like : describe the three reasons why an animal may or may not be
nfeccted with the pathogen it is
Agents responsible for infectious disease:
Bacteria (prokaryotic)
Prions * (misfolded proteins)
Fungi and Yeasts (eukaryotic)
Viruses (acellular – not cells)
Parasites
oProtozoa (eukaryotic)
oWorms
oArthropods
Characteristic of Bacteria:
Microscopic characteristic (under the microscope)
oSize (1 to 100 microns) size varies
oShape: spherical (coccus), rod (bacillus), comma (virbrio), spiral (spirliluim) , filament
oArrangement: (single, pairs, clump etc.)
oSpores: survive adverse environments (highly resistant to things that kill bacteria – heat,
chemicals, light etc.)
oFlagella: mobility
oStaining characteristics (most common is Gram-Staining – positive = purple, negative =
pink)
Macroscopic characteristics (cultures)
oCulture and habitat (size, morphology and activity of colonies; media needed to grow)
Molecular and genetic characteristics
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ANSC100 Infectious Diseases
oCulture (biochemical reactions – indicators of metabolism)
oSerological response (antibodies in blood vs. surface antigens of the bacteria)
oRapid advances in molecular biology allow identification of many subtypes of bacteria:
Gene sequencing
Identification of unculturable bacteria
Analysis of whole communities of bacteria
Polymerase chain reaction detection (PCR)
Bio Film:
Group of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface
Adherent cells become embedded within a slimy extracellular polymeric matric
Microbe “cities”
Are resistant to the immune system, disinfectants, cleaners, antibiotics
Issue with catheters, implants, prostheses etc.
Clostridium:
All cattle will be vaccinated against clostridium
Economic impact
Affect healthy, robust animals
Highly pathogenic but NOT contagious
May be ingested or if its in the environment can enter body through a wound
oTissue invasion
oToxin production
C-Difficile in human hospitals
Nearly everywhere in the environment
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Document Summary
Multiple choice or short fill in the blank. Long answer questions will be like : describe the three reasons why an animal may or may not be nfeccted with the pathogen it is. Macroscopic characteristics (cultures: culture and habitat (size, morphology and activity of colonies; media needed to grow) Infectious diseases: culture (biochemical reactions indicators of metabolism, serological response (antibodies in blood vs. surface antigens of the bacteria, rapid advances in molecular biology allow identification of many subtypes of bacteria: Group of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface. Adherent cells become embedded within a slimy extracellular polymeric matric. Are resistant to the immune system, disinfectants, cleaners, antibiotics. May be ingested or if its in the environment can enter body through a wound: tissue invasion, toxin production. Don"t cause disease by reproducing, cause disease by releasing toxins. May be prevented by vaccination (8 way vaccines)