AN SC100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Emerging Infectious Disease, Antibody, Western Blot
23 Jun 2018
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ANSC100 Epidemiology
*** FOOD FOR THE MOVIE TOMORROW****
Definition:
ď‚·Epi = among / upon
ď‚·Desmos = people
ď‚·Logy = study
ď‚·Epidemiology is the study of frequency, distribution and determinants of health and disease in populations
Outbreak:
ď‚·Occurrence of events (disease, impaired productivity) in an population, clustered in time and / or space, in
which incidence is significantly higher than usual
Epidemic:
ď‚·Unaffecting or tending to affect an atypically large number of individuals within a population, community ot
region at the same time
ď‚·unexpected problemed / exceeded expected threshold
ď‚·Based on time sequence or temporal pattern of disease
Endemic:
ď‚·A disease present in a community or population at all times
ď‚·Restricted or peculiar to a locality or region
ď‚·Example: Bovine Upper respiratory diseases (important endemic diseae complex of livestock in north america)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
ď‚·Example: Bovine Upper respiratory diseases (important endemic diseae complex of livestock in north america)
ď‚·Example: Malaria in Africa
Epizootic / Enzootic:
ď‚·In vet medicine where we deal with animal populations these terms are used (same definitions as above)
Pandemic:
ď‚·Infectious disease epidemic that has spread through a large region (continents or worldwide)
oSmall pox
oTuberculosis
oFlu
oHIV
oCholera
John Snow: father of modern epidemiology,
Cholera:
ď‚·Caused by bacterium (Vibrio Cholera)
ď‚·7 Pandemics
o40 million deaths worldwide
oMost in the 1800’s
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
ANSC100 Epidemiology
ď‚·Prevention involved improved sanitation and access to clean water
ď‚·Treatment: rehydration
London in the mid-1800’s:
ď‚·2 cholera epidemics
ď‚·1854:
oNew cholera outbreak
oNo sanitation in many areas
oHuman waste and animal waste dumped into the River Thames (water supply source)
oCholera not believed to be contagious
oMiasma Theory: disease caused by particles in the air (smell bad)
oJohn Snow collected information regarding symptoms and water supply
Used information about person, place and time to identify the source of infection
oWater pump removed
Nigeria 2010:
ď‚·January / February:
oDucks began disappearing (decline in water fowl)
ď‚·May: 100s of children reported sick
ď‚·The cause = lead poisoning
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Epidemiology is the study of frequency, distribution and determinants of health and disease in populations. Occurrence of events (disease, impaired productivity) in an population, clustered in time and / or space, in which incidence is significantly higher than usual. Unaffecting or tending to affect an atypically large number of individuals within a population, community ot region at the same time unexpected problemed / exceeded expected threshold. Based on time sequence or temporal pattern of disease. A disease present in a community or population at all times. Restricted or peculiar to a locality or region. Example: bovine upper respiratory diseases (important endemic diseae complex of livestock in north america) In vet medicine where we deal with animal populations these terms are used (same definitions as above) Infectious disease epidemic that has spread through a large region (continents or worldwide: small pox, tuberculosis, flu, hiv, cholera. 7 pandemics: 40 million deaths worldwide, most in the 1800"s.
