BIOCH200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Glycogen, Hepatocyte, Light-Independent Reactions

80 views2 pages
Metabolic Pathways
Series of enzyme catalyzed reactions
Purpose; make specific molecules that the cell needs to live and/or grow, and obtain usable
chemical energy from the environment.
Break large molecules to small ones and release energy
Make large molecules from smaller ones.
ATP used for
1. Muscle Contraction
2. Respiration → ETC
3. Driving Synthesis
4. Powering Transport
Nucleotides play a central role → Electron Carriers
1. Nicotinamide Adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) → 2 bases
2. Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) → 2 bases.
Nitrogen base enables them to undergo reversible reduction (nicotinamide and flavin not the
adenine base).
Definitions
Proton → H+ → no electrons
Hydrogen Atom → H (no charge) → 1 electron
Hydride ion → H- → 2 Electrons
NAD
Has a negative net charge → Positive tells us its binding in one hydrogen (accepts 2 e-)
NADPH is high energy because it gives up electron → energy released.
NAD+ IS NOT HIGH ENERGY
FAD
FAD + H +H → FADH2
Accepts as 2 electrons (2H)
FAD+ IS NOT HIGH ENERGY.
DiNucleotide created through
Phosphodiester bond
Phosphoanhydride bonds
Reduction of cofactors (Half reactions):
Have to be reversible
Catabolism and Anabolism
Catabolic → Large molecules broken into smaller → Release energy → Oxidative (electrons
removed)
Generates reduced cofactors
Anabolic → Small molecules built into larger ones → electrons used to make new bonds.
Generates oxidized cofactors.
CAC, Calvin Cycle are Amphibolic
Glycolysis is catabolic
Storage
Carbohydrates stored as glycogen in liver → hepatocytes and in the skeletal muscle → myocytes.
Free Energy Changes
Enthalpy is the delta g = G products - G reactants
Biochemical Standard state = RTln(Keq)
Free energy does not indicate how fast a reaction is occuring.
Free energy can be positive or negative
Unlock document

This preview shows half of the first page of the document.
Unlock all 2 pages and 3 million more documents.

Already have an account? Log in

Document Summary

Purpose; make specific molecules that the cell needs to live and/or grow, and obtain usable chemical energy from the environment. Break large molecules to small ones and release energy. Atp used for: muscle contraction, respiration etc, driving synthesis, powering transport. Nucleotides play a central role electron carriers: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad+) 2 bases, flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad) 2 bases. Nitrogen base enables them to undergo reversible reduction (nicotinamide and flavin not the adenine base). Hydrogen atom h (no charge) 1 electron. Hydride ion h- 2 electrons. Has a negative net charge positive tells us its binding in one hydrogen (accepts 2 e-) Nadph is high energy because it gives up electron energy released. Catabolic large molecules broken into smaller release energy oxidative (electrons. Anabolic small molecules built into larger ones electrons used to make new bonds. Carbohydrates stored as glycogen in liver hepatocytes and in the skeletal muscle myocytes. Enthalpy is the delta g = g products - g reactants.

Get access

Grade+20% off
$8 USD/m$10 USD/m
Billed $96 USD annually
Grade+
Homework Help
Study Guides
Textbook Solutions
Class Notes
Textbook Notes
Booster Class
40 Verified Answers
Class+
$8 USD/m
Billed $96 USD annually
Class+
Homework Help
Study Guides
Textbook Solutions
Class Notes
Textbook Notes
Booster Class
30 Verified Answers

Related Documents

Related Questions