BIOL107 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Lipid Bilayer, Cell Membrane, Ampicillin
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Most plasma membrane have cell wall on the outside. Cell walls are relatively complex and are semi-rigid to provide protection and allow for growth. Plasma membrane contains phospholipid bilayer and transport proteins. Gram-positive bacterial cell wall thick peptidoglycan (mixed macromolecules) between cell wall and cell membrane: Modified glucose molecules polypeptides lay across polysaccharides (nag and nam). Penicillin inhibits the production of new peptidoglycan. Ampicillin is just a derivative of penicillin. (contains nh2) Lysozyme protein cut right off cell wall (cut up peptidoglycan) and the cell (water in the cell) will burst and blow up. When there is a bacterial infection, take ampicillin and it will act on bacteria, unlike lysozyme. Peptidoglycan serves a structural role in the bacterial cell wall, giving structural strength, as well as counteracting the osmotic pressure of the cytoplasm. Cell wall thin layer of peptidoglycan and 2 layers of phospholipid bilayer. We can tell between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria through gram staining.