BIOL108 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Northern Waterthrush, Linnaean Taxonomy, Binomial Nomenclature
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BIOL108 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Dependent And Independent Variables, Deductive Reasoning, Inductive Reasoning
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BIOL108 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Northern Waterthrush, Linnaean Taxonomy, Binomial Nomenclature
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BIOL108 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Ingroups And Outgroups, Linnaean Taxonomy, Phylogenetics
Week 2. 1
Topic #2: Taxonomy and Systematics
I. General Terminology
a. Nomenclature: a system of rules for naming things…can be a part of…
b. Taxonomy: the practice of naming and classifying organisms
• taxo = arrange (Gk.), nomos = knowledge/science of (Gk.)
c. Systematics: the theory (and practice) of classifying organisms based on
evolutionary history ( phylogeny )
• Assumes “one true phylogeny”; we use the process of systematics to try to
reveal it
d. Note: MUCH OVERLAP IN THESE TERMS!
e. Evolutionary history (phylogeny)
II. Nomenclature and “Classical” Taxonomy
A. Problems with common names
a. Different names for the same species
• Common names differ among countries, languages
e.g., horse = Pferd = caballo
• Problem can occur within the same language and country
e.g., Esox lucius = northern pike = jackfish
b. Same name for different species
• E.g., magpie: North American species is Pica hudsonia (Corvidae);
Australian species is Gymnorhina tibicen (Cracticidae)
• E.g., elk: in North America means Cervus elaphus; in Europe means Alces
alces (both Cervidae)