BIOL208 Lecture Notes - Isocline, Logistic Function, Directional Selection

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pucemacaw643

11 Nov 2011

School

University of Alberta

Department

Biology (Biological Sciences)

Course

BIOL208

Professor

Kurt Illerbrun

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Document Summary

Competition: lotka-volterra model of competition- realtion to logistic growth. K-n1-n2k n1= old population n2= new additions aka k-(n1+n2)k. Due to the new individuals in this new competition, its addition of intraspecies competition. If theres more than one species this doesn"t apply. This implies how much of a species is equated to the other eg. 1/100 of and elephant=mouse so then n2 would be the number of added individuals x . 12= effect 2 has on species 1. 21= effect 1 has on species 2. Population growth will stop when n1 = k1 12n2 h. On the graph, whichever species isocline of zero population growth is on the top will win. If they cross and come towards it, the intercept=coexist but if they go away from the center they both win. If both species are at the center theres an unstable equilibrium and if one starts winning, it will ust keep on winning.

Related Questions

The number of individuals in a given area, such as an acre or a square mile, is a measurement known as:

	a. population size.
	b. minimum viable population.
	c. population distribution.
	d. population density.

Individuals who live in social groups are usually found in a ________________ distribution.

	a. patterned
	b. clumped
	c. uniform
	d. random

Under what conditions might we see exponential population growth?

	a. When the population is large and approaching carrying capacity
	b. When there is a sudden influx of a new food source
	c. When there are enough predators around to keep the population in check
	d. When a population has exceeded carrying capacity

What kind of things might cause a population experiencing exponential growth to transition to logistic growth?

	a. The loss of that population's main predator
	b. The emergence of a new food source such as ripening fruit on a tree
	c. More competition for food from other species in the area
	d. All of these could spur the transition.

Which of the following is an example of a density-independent factor for population growth?

	a. Fire
	b. Predators
	c. Competition for nesting sites
	d. Food availability

The number of individuals in a given area, such as an acre or a square mile, is a measurement known as:

	a. population size.
	b. minimum viable population.
	c. population distribution.
	d. population density.

Individuals who live in social groups are usually found in a ________________ distribution.

	a. patterned
	b. clumped
	c. uniform
	d. random

Under what conditions might we see exponential population growth?

	a. When the population is large and approaching carrying capacity
	b. When there is a sudden influx of a new food source
	c. When there are enough predators around to keep the population in check
	d. When a population has exceeded carrying capacity

What kind of things might cause a population experiencing exponential growth to transition to logistic growth?

	a. The loss of that population's main predator
	b. The emergence of a new food source such as ripening fruit on a tree
	c. More competition for food from other species in the area
	d. All of these could spur the transition.

Which of the following is an example of a density-independent factor for population growth?

	a. Fire
	b. Predators
	c. Competition for nesting sites
	d. Food availability

The number of individuals in a given area, such as an acre or a square mile, is a measurement known as:

	a. population size.
	b. minimum viable population.
	c. population distribution.
	d. population density.

Individuals who live in social groups are usually found in a ________________ distribution.

	a. patterned
	b. clumped
	c. uniform
	d. random

Under what conditions might we see exponential population growth?

	a. When the population is large and approaching carrying capacity
	b. When there is a sudden influx of a new food source
	c. When there are enough predators around to keep the population in check
	d. When a population has exceeded carrying capacity

What kind of things might cause a population experiencing exponential growth to transition to logistic growth?

	a. The loss of that population's main predator
	b. The emergence of a new food source such as ripening fruit on a tree
	c. More competition for food from other species in the area
	d. All of these could spur the transition.

Which of the following is an example of a density-independent factor for population growth?

	a. Fire
	b. Predators
	c. Competition for nesting sites
	d. Food availability

The number of individuals in a given area, such as an acre or a square mile, is a measurement known as:

	a. population size.
	b. minimum viable population.
	c. population distribution.
	d. population density.

Individuals who live in social groups are usually found in a ________________ distribution.

	a. patterned
	b. clumped
	c. uniform
	d. random

Under what conditions might we see exponential population growth?

	a. When the population is large and approaching carrying capacity
	b. When there is a sudden influx of a new food source
	c. When there are enough predators around to keep the population in check
	d. When a population has exceeded carrying capacity

What kind of things might cause a population experiencing exponential growth to transition to logistic growth?

	a. The loss of that population's main predator
	b. The emergence of a new food source such as ripening fruit on a tree
	c. More competition for food from other species in the area
	d. All of these could spur the transition.

Which of the following is an example of a density-independent factor for population growth?

	a. Fire
	b. Predators
	c. Competition for nesting sites
	d. Food availability

The number of individuals in a given area, such as an acre or a square mile, is a measurement known as:

	a. population size.
	b. minimum viable population.
	c. population distribution.
	d. population density.

Individuals who live in social groups are usually found in a ________________ distribution.

	a. patterned
	b. clumped
	c. uniform
	d. random

Under what conditions might we see exponential population growth?

	a. When the population is large and approaching carrying capacity
	b. When there is a sudden influx of a new food source
	c. When there are enough predators around to keep the population in check
	d. When a population has exceeded carrying capacity

What kind of things might cause a population experiencing exponential growth to transition to logistic growth?

	a. The loss of that population's main predator
	b. The emergence of a new food source such as ripening fruit on a tree
	c. More competition for food from other species in the area
	d. All of these could spur the transition.

Which of the following is an example of a density-independent factor for population growth?

	a. Fire
	b. Predators
	c. Competition for nesting sites
	d. Food availability

blushrhinoceros249

QUESTION 1

These include simultaneous consideration of tolerance ranges for all conditions, resource requirements (of all biotic and abiotic resources), and habitat preferences.

Fundamental ecological niches

Hutchinsonian ecological niches

. Realized ecological niches

Competition coefficients

Competitive exclusion

Coexistence

Isoclines

Stable equilibria

Unstable equilibria

QUESTION 2

Interspecific competition has this outcome when the effects of intraspecific competition outweigh the effects of interspecific competition.

Fundamental ecological niches

Hutchinsonian ecological niches

Realized ecological niches

Competition coefficients

Competitive exclusion

Coexistence

Isoclines

Stable equilibria

Unstable equilibria

QUESTION 3

The range of places that species could occupy based on suitability; a hypothetical location and ecological/trophic role in the absence of ecological interactions such as competition.

Fundamental ecological niches

Hutchinsonian ecological niches

Realized ecological niches

Competition coefficients

Competitive exclusion

Coexistence

Isoclines

Stable equilibria

Unstable equilibria

QUESTION 4

Graphs of the Lotka-Volterra interspecific competition model illustrate coexistence of two species with one of these features.

Fundamental ecological niches

Hutchinsonian ecological niches

. Realized ecological niches

Competition coefficients

Competitive exclusion

Coexistence

. Isoclines

. Stable equilibria

Unstable equilibria

QUESTION 5

When a particular species always outcompetes a second species in the Lotka-Volterra model of interspecific competition, these features will never intersect.

Fundamental ecological niches

Hutchinsonian ecological niche

Realized ecological niches

Competition coefficients

Competitive exclusion

Coexistence

Isoclines

Stable equilibria

Unstable equilibria

QUESTION 6

When prey/foods increase in abundance, the predator population increases through reproduction and/or immigration.

Amensilism

Commensilism

Functional response

Mutualism

Numerical response

Parasite

Parasitoid

True predator

This is not an answer- don't choose it!

QUESTION 7

Endomycorrhizae, ectomycorrhizae, gut âmicrofloraâ and lichens are examples of this type of ecological interaction.

Amensilism

Commensilism

Functional response

Mutualism

Numerical response

Parasite

Parasitoid

True predator

QUESTION 8

Prey switching, prey mechanisms to avoid predation (via increased group size), and formation of search images generate variations of this phenomenon.

Amensilism

Commensilism

Functional response

Mutualism

Numerical response

Parasite

Parasitoid

True predator

QUESTION 9

Generally do not kill their prey, and consume only one (or perhaps a few) individual prey during a particular developmental phase or lifetime.

Amensilism

Commensilism

. Functional response

Mutualism

Numerical response

Parasite

Parasitoid

True predator

QUESTION 10

Extremely asymmetric competition and âaccidentsâ can result in this ecological interaction.

Amensilism

. Commensilism

Functional response

Mutualism

Numerical response

Parasite

Parasitoid

True predator

Define "Intraspecific Competition" and explain this competitionwhithin plants, and provide an example with a specific plantspecies.

BIOL208 Lecture Notes - Isocline, Logistic Function, Directional Selection

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