CHEM101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Redox, Oxidation State, Carbon-12
Chemistry 101 Defintions
Molecule: a structure consisting of 2+ atoms that are bound chemically and behave as an
independent unit
Isotope: atoms of a specific element that have a different # of neutrons and therefore different
mass #’s
Atomic Number: number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element (= number of
electrons in a neutral atom)
Mass Spectrometry: an instrumental method of measuring the relative masses of particles in a
sample by creating charged particles and separating them according to their mass-charge ratio
Isotopic Mass: the mass (in amu) of an isotope relative to the mass of carbon-12
Ionic Compound: a compound that consists of oppositely charged ions (neutral)
Covalent Compound: a compound that consists of atoms bonded together by shared pairs of
electrons
Binary Ionic Compound: a compound that consists of the of the oppositely charged ions of two
elements
Monatomic Ion: an ion derived from a single ion
Oxoanion: an anion in which an element is bonded to one or more oxygen atom
Volatility: the tendency of substance to become a gas
Chromatography: a separation technique in which a mixture is dissolved in a fluid (gas or liquid)
and the components are separated through differences in absorption to a solid surface
Stoichiometry: the study of mass-mole-number relationships of chemical formulas and
reactions
Polar Molecule: a molecule with an unequal distribution of charge as a result of its polar bonds
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Molecule: a structure consisting of 2+ atoms that are bound chemically and behave as an independent unit. Isotope: atoms of a specific element that have a different # of neutrons and therefore different mass # s. Atomic number: number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element (= number of electrons in a neutral atom) Mass spectrometry: an instrumental method of measuring the relative masses of particles in a sample by creating charged particles and separating them according to their mass-charge ratio. Isotopic mass: the mass (in amu) of an isotope relative to the mass of carbon-12. Ionic compound: a compound that consists of oppositely charged ions (neutral) Covalent compound: a compound that consists of atoms bonded together by shared pairs of electrons. Binary ionic compound: a compound that consists of the of the oppositely charged ions of two elements. Monatomic ion: an ion derived from a single ion.