MICRB265 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Phospholipid, Glycerol, Sterol

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pucesquirrel691

2 Sep 2018

School

University of Alberta

Department

Microbiology (Biological Sciences)

Course

MICRB265

Professor

Lisa Stein

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Document Summary

Cell membrane, _____________________ that separates the cytoplasm from the cell"s environment. 2. 1 structure: what are the components of the cell membrane, phospholipid bilayer, made of _______________________________ phospholipids, several types due to different groups attached to glycerol, fluid mosaic, little mechanical strength. Figure 2. 4: some bacterial membranes contain hopanoids, structural analogues of sterols from eukaryotes, rigid, planar molecules. Cholesterol (sterol in animal cells: bacteria do not contain sterols except mycoplasma spp. Intracellular pathogens of vertebrate cells: have no ___________________________, use __________________ to strengthen cell membranes, bacteria can"t make cholesterol, obtain cholesterol from the host cell, membrane proteins: Integral membrane proteins: embedded in membrane, __________________________ membrane-spanning region, __________________________ regions exposed on surfaces, peripheral membrane proteins, anchored to membrane surface through: ___________: may contain rings in their hydrocarbon chains, variation in # and position of rings, form _________________________, alter properties of lipids affect membrane function. 2. 3 membrane functions: permeability barrier, hydrophobic core of bilayer prevents passive diffusion of.

Related Questions

Hybridomas are the useful result of a fusion between _______________ and _________________ to obtain hybrid cells that can proliferate and produce _________________ against specific ________________.

	myeloma cells; B lymphocytes; monoclonal antibodies; epitopes
	myeloma cells; T lymphocytes; polyclonal antibodies; antigen
	T lymphocytes; B lymphocytes; monoclonal antibodies; antigen
	T lymphocytes; B lymphocytes; polyclonal antibodies; epitopes

With respect to mammalian cell culture, which of the following statements is true?

	Media used for cell growth contain proteases and a divalent cation chelator to help cells adhere to the surface.
	During the establishment of a cell line, senescence is the last stage of the cell's life.
	Rodent cells cultures undergo spontaneous transformation with similar frequency to human cell cultures.
	Embryonic cell lines do not undergo senescence nor do they have a finite life span.

Epithelial cells have distinct surfaces. Which of these surfaces tends to be involved in secreting proteins out of the cell and into the bloodstream?

	apical
	basal
	All of the answers are correct.
	lateral

Which of the following is NOT true of phospholipid bilayers?

		Phospholipid bilayers separate the cell from the exterior environment as well as from compartments within the cell.
		The interior of phospholipid bilayers is a highly hydrophobic environment.
		Membrane budding requires transient breakages in the bilayer membrane.
		The chemical properties of phospholipids lead to the spontaneous formation of bilayers.

Which of the following is true regarding membrane proteins?

		All peripheral membrane proteins contact the lipid bilayer by covalent attachment to the hydrophilic head groups on membrane lipids.
		Beta strands can assemble into a membrane-spanning barrel structure.
		Lipid-anchored membrane proteins always face the cell exterior.
		A protein with six hydrophobic helices is most likely a lipid-anchored membrane protein.

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

		The three types of lipid anchors responsible for tethering proteins to the bilayer are acylation, prenylation, and ubiquitinylation.
		Movement of lipids from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic leaflet of the membrane bilayer requires specialized transport proteins called flippases.
		Glycoproteins are the basis for blood type compatibility between donor and receiver.
		Glycoproteins are always oriented so that the carbohydrate moieties are exoplasmic.

Explain the cell theory; know the three basic tenets of the theory.

All cells have to carry out certain functions, what do all cells have in common?

Compare/contrast an Eukaryotic vs a Prokaryotic cell type.

Understand the concept of selective toxicity. What do all effective targets of an antimicrobial agent have in common? What are some characteristics of Prokaryotic cells that can be targeted?

Explain the unity and diversity of prokaryotic cells in terms of evolutionary theories.

Describe the three basic shapes (morphologies) of bacteria.

What are the functions of the plasma membrane, how does the structure of the plasma membrane aid in carrying out these functions?

Describe the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane. Draw out the plasma membrane, include the phospholipid bilayer (indicating polar/hydrophilic and nonpolar/hydrophobic components) and peripheral and integral proteins. Also indicate the intracellular (cytoplasmic) and extracellular regions.

What are the functions of the components of the plasma membrane? Phospholipids, proteins?

Transport. Compare/contrast the following mechanisms of transport in terms of the types of molecules transported, with or against the concentration gradient, if any Energy input is required, if a transport molecule is involved, and if Euk and or Prok use this mechanism.

Osmosis (explain the role of aquaporins)

Diffusion

Facilitated Diffusion

Active transport (proton motive force / ATP binding cassette system)

Group translocation

1 In our hierarchy of levels of organization (from atom to biosphere), at which level does life begin? Can you relate form to function when it comes to cell structure of a plant cell like Elodea? A thin simple squamous epithelium like in the lining of the lungs? A thicker columnar epithelial layer like that found in the stomach/intestine?

2. Can you remember the architecture of the phospholipid bilayer that makes up the cell membrane? How the 2 phospholipids arrange themselves to form the bilayer? And how you produce a water-proof (hydrophobic) barrier from the bilayer architecture?

3. What are the 3 roles of the plasma membrane? How does the barrier or âfenceâ role of the plasma membrane relate to non-polar vs. polar vs. charged molecules? How does the membrane control the amounts of certain molecules inside the cell? How does this relate to class rule #4? How do cells communicate with one another?

4. How does the plasma membrane help with this function? Which macromolecule is critical to this function? How does this all relate to red blood cells and âA/B/AB/Oâ blood type?

5. Can you explain how the phospholipid bilayer facilitates compartmentalization in a cell? What type of structures are compartmentalized? What is the value of compartmentalization in a cell?

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MICRB265 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Phospholipid, Glycerol, Sterol

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