NURS308 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Cardiac Arrhythmia, Sodium Bicarbonate, Pulmonary Edema
12 Jul 2018
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Normal serum electrolyte values: sodium (na+, potassium (k+, calcium (ca2+, ionized calcium (ca2+, magnesium (mg2+, chloride (cl-, phosphate (po4. Disturbances in electrolyte balance: sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphate. Sodium (na+) 135-145 meq/l: major cation ecf, maintained by sodium-potassium pump, major functions: Impulse transmission in nerve and muscle fibers. Sodium: dietary: estimated minimum requirement: 500 mg of sodium daily, foods: Condiments (table salt, soy sauce, ketchup, pickles) Processed foods (smoked meats, canned soups, processed cheeses) Regulation of na+ & h2o balance: kidneys primary regulator (reabsorption or excretion) Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: serum na+, blood volume, bp, kidneys renin, renin angiotensin ii. Vasoconstriction, bp: angiotensin ii aldosterone. Na+ and water reabsorbed by kidneys: result: serum na+, blood volume, bp. Antidiuretic hormone (adh: serum na+, serum osmolarity, blood volume, posterior pituitary releases adh. Urine, concentrated: extra water dilutes ecf na, result: blood volume, serum na+, serum osmolarity. Atrial natriuretic peptide (anp: blood volume, bp. Stretch atria: anp released from atria of heart, opposes aldosterone, result:
