NURS113 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Renal Calyx, Kidney Stone Disease, Glomerulonephritis
19 Apr 2017
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Document Summary
Minor calyx accepts tip of pyramid where urine is dripping off papilla. 3 minors empty into major in yellow. Major empty into pelvis which is the top of the ureter. Fluid and electrolytes: maintenance of blood osmolarity. By regulating water balance: regulation of blood volume, regulation of blood pressure (raas, aldosterone, regulation of acid base balance, excretion of waste products. Uti (can lead to pyelonephritis - recurrent, glomerulonephritis - autoimmune) Increased nitrogenous waste in blood, and impair fluid and electrolyte balance: reversible if corrected before permanent damage occurs. Pre-renal: fluid loss, easily reversible, hypovolemia, hemorrhage, dehydration, shock. Intra-renal: atn , prolonged renal ischemia, glomerulonephritis, exposure to toxins. Atn has 3 phases: onset / initiating. Urine output [oliguria (< 500), anuria (0-100) Bun / creatinine levels increase: maintenance. Fluid overload, gfr drops, hyperkalemia, acidosis: recovery. 5% of cases progress to chronic kidney disease. Post-renal: obstruction, kidney stones, tumour, prostate issues.
