PSYCO104 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Empiricism, Ulric Neisser, Iceberg
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Findings consistent with several hypotheses need research to rule certain ones out. Findings must be capable of being duplicated following the same methodology. An association between tow things does not imply a cause and effect relationship. A claim that contradicts that what we already know must have a lot of evidence to back it up. If two hypotheses explain a phenomenon equally well, select the simpler one. Small p-values are used (for better or worse) as an index of the probability that the sampled data are unlikely given the actuality there is really no difference between populations. P-values tend to be waaaaaay smaller during the original studies, relative to when researchers tried to replicate the original studies. This is perceived as concerning for researchers tried to replicate the original studies. The dualists thought the mind and brain were separate "stuff". The monists thought that there is only one kind of stuff".