BIOL 205 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Australopithecus, Paranthropus, Depth Perception
7 Dec 2017
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Document Summary
The major clades of chordates are distinguished by traits such as hinged jaws, 2 pairs of limbs, fluid-filled eggs with shells, and milk. Humans and other primates have forward-facing eyes, limber shoulder and hip joints, and opposable thumbs. Hominids, the human branch of the evolutionary tree include about 20 extinct species. Vertebrates: a clade of chordate- have notochord, vertebral column (with skull and brain, sensory organs in head) Muscular lobed fins and amniotes- in some vertebrates- transition to terrestrial habitat. Hagfish- jawless, sharp tooth-like structures on tongue, lack vertebral structures, may be craniates but not vertebrates. Lamprey- jawless, rings of sharp teeth, most parasitic. Jawed-fish- gills, paired fins, ray finned fishes, lobe finned fishes, lateral line system (sensory organs), jaws evolved from skeletal supports of gill slits (gill slits important for suspension feeding and gas exchange) Jawed fishes- sharks and rays, ray-finned fishes, lobe finned fishes. Ray-finned fish- bone skeletons, operculum covers gills, swim bladder gas filled sac.
