BIOL 243 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Color Depth, Molecular Genetics, Gene Expression

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Genetics: study of heredity and variation in cells, individuals and populations. Gene: functional unit (causes) of heredity and variation. Therefore, molecular genetics is the study of the structures and function of genes at a molecular level. Gene: dna sequence involved in making rna and protein. Alleles: variant forms of a gene caused by differences in dna sequence (ex. Genome: entire dna sequence (acgt) of an organism. Genes: found on chromosomes and are parts of the genome that encode rna and protein. Gene expression: basically turning on a gene to produce rna and protein (coding gene) Genes transcribed into rna which are then translated to protein. Protein expression: the type and abundance of proteins in the cell. Although dna is the information molecule that directs protein expression, proteins ultimately determine the phenotype of the cell because they control every reaction in the cell. Enzymes: catalyzing the synthesis and transformation of all biomolecules.

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