BIOL 371 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Photosynthesis, Turgor Pressure, Vacuole

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Biol 371 Notes
Lecture 6
Diversity of Opisthokonts and Archaeplastidae
Groups of organisms that acquired features of eukaryotic cells
Progenitor eukaryotes required mitochondria
o Multicellularity evolved independently in plants and animals
Only plants were the ones who acquired plastids
o Another endosymbiotic event where they acquired chloroplasts
Opisthokonts and Archaeplastida diverge
o Cell structures differ
o In plants we see
Cell wall
Important for water transport
Especially bulk transport
Prevents diseases
Prevents plants from engulfing things
Large vacuole
Mostly filled with water
Also contains salts, organic molecules etc
Allows plats to pressurize vacuole
o Turgor pressure
Contributes the structural rigidity by maintaining
turgor pressure against the cell walls
Chloroplast
Enable plant cells to photosynthesize
o Harness energy of sunlight to synthesize sugars
Some have lost their chloroplasts over evolutionary time
o Use other mechanisms to harness energy
o Still considered as a typical feature of a plant cell
Photoautotrophic vs chemoheterotrophic
o Photoautotrophic
Use energy from the light to fix inorganic carbon in the atmosphere
which is carbon dioxide into carbohydrates (organic carbon)
130 terawatts across the earth being harnessed to fix carbon
120 billion metric tonnes of organic carbon every year are produced as a
result
Chemoheterotrophic
Use chemical energy of the bonds in food they eat
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