ECON 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Takers, Extreme Ways, Via Rail

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A firm that is the sole seller of a product without close substitutes. Result in higher prices for consumers, higher profits and greater total surplus. The simplest way for a monopoly to arise is for a single firm to own a key resource. Although exclusive ownership of a key resource is a potential cause of monopoly, in practice, monopolies rarely arise form it. Monopolies can arise because the government has given one firm the exclusive right to sell some good or service. Intellectual property rights (patent and copyright laws) is an example of how the government may create a monopoly to serve the public interest. Iprs involve a trade-off: the benefit of ip protection is the increased incentive for creative activity. Grant temporary monopoly profits to provide an incentive to undertake creative activity: the cost of ip protection laws is monopoly pricing in the short run, difficult to determine the proper trade-off in some cases.

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