KNES 323 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Tachypnea, Pulmonary Hypertension, Cardiomyopathy

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Left/right atria, left/right ventricles, aorta, pulmonary artery, coronary arteries (lad, right, circumflex). Av valves (tricuspid, bicuspid (mitral)), chordae tendinae, aortic/pulmonary valves, septum. Pathological remodeling- consequence of disease (high bp, failure, infarct) Leads to, scarring, calcification on valves, stiffening, heart failure. Stenosis: heard when valve should be open (whistling) Insufficiency: heard when valve should be closed (whirring) Base refers to top (aortic), apex refers to bottom (mitral). Depolarizes av and purkinje fibres before they can do it themselves. Ap changes shape from sa to av nodes. Know steps of ap, what"s involved (na, k, ca). Sympathetic- release of epi into blood, increases hr. (stress and exercise) Starts with increase in permeability to na, causing a spike, and followed by a slight decrease in na permeability to create a plateau. Then and increase to ca permeability, followed by and increase in k permeability and decrease in ca permeability to repolarize. This brings the mv back to resting potential.

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