KNES 259 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Endoplasmic Reticulum, System 6, Hepatocyte
29 Oct 2016
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Homeostasis: keeping internal environment constant despite changing external environment, ex. thermostat, hypothalamus is body"s control centre, receives input, controls hormones. What we keep constant: nutrients/wastes, o2,/co2 levels, ph, water/electrolytes, temperature, blood volume, blood pressure. Levels of organization: chemical molecules, cells basic unit of life, tissue 4 types (muscle, nerve, epithelial, connective tissue, organ, body system, organism. Subdivided into 3 parts: plasma (cell) membrane, cytoplasm, cytosol (gel) glycolysis, organelles, nucleus, chromosomes, genes. Nucleus: cell replication and repair, usually one per cell, exceptions: rbc (no nucleus, carry oxygen and cant replicate or repair) Ribosomes: make proteins, either free or attached to endoplasmic reticulum. Know organelles, main function and example: calcium storage, ex. Ovaries: rough er, ribosomes attached little dots (make proteins, proteins produced for export, rer packages proteins, ex. Golgi complex: re-packages rer proteins into a vesicle that can leave the cell, a new membrane cell can recognize, ex. Peroxisomes: makes hydrogen peroxide base, oxidative enzymes, detoxify various waste products, ex.
