ANTH 2660 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: A Tribe Called Red, Up Where We Belong, Swamp People
29 Jan 2017
School
Department
Course
Professor
Week 1: Introduction and Language and Society
Chapter 1
Tuesday, January 10th 2017
Video: Whapmagoo____ Dance 2004
- Quebec
Video: A Tribe Called Red, Sisters
Professor Hedican
- Did fieldwork in Northwestern Ontario near Thunder bay where people still lived off the land
- Anthropology and contemporary Aboriginal issues
- Grew up North of North Bay
Thursday, January 12th 2017
Video: Up Where We Belong Buffy Sainte-Marie
- In the movie an Officer and a Gentleman
- “We have mountains to climb but we climb a step everyday”
- Born in 1941, Cree First Nations Saskatchewan, PhD, First person to use computers for music
videos. Recorded in 1982, won an academy award
Language
- Fluid, always changing
- Traces human migration patterns
- Can trace back separation between groups
- In order for this to work, we have to assume that languages change in predictable
patterns
- Indo-european Language family
- Looked at vocabulary
- Assumed 100 word list would translate with other related languages (has to be the
same source) while trying to measure the amount of shared vocabulary
- Problems with assimilation and borrowing from other languages
- Languages that have separated recently will have more shared vocab
- This was true for all languages not just exclusively the indo-european
language family
- Having an area that is available for population growth, languages will separate easily
compared to in a smaller rural area where population growth is unlikely
- Food availability contributes to language migration
- Linguistic congestion takes place mostly in the west coast
- Most favourable place for hunting and gathering
- When there is this favourable land, more people migrate towards it causing
congestion
- Beothur language could be considered a language isolate
- This map changes over time and will continue to change
- ***Anishinebe is a an Ojibwa word where Ahsis means stone and Eboine to cook
(with)
- Put food all in a skin bag, heated up stones near a fire, and then continued to
put hot stones in the bag
- Swamp People - Muskagua Innini
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Aboriginal Linguistic and Cultural Groups
Central Theme: Diversity, rather than Homogeneity
*We CANNOT group all First Nations Peoples of Canada into one group, they are individual people
with their own cultural backgrounds, practices, and languages
This is what the government has done
Language Families **KNOW THESE
1. Algonquian (or Algonkian)
- Ojibwa, Cree, Blackfoot, Micmac
2. Athapascan (Or Dene)
- Chipewyan, Beaver Dogrib
3. Iroquoian (Five Nations)
- Mohawk, Oneida, Cayuga, Onondaga, Seneca
4. Eskimo-Aleut (Inuit)
- Iglulik, Netsilik, Copper
5. Salish
- Suchwap, Okanagan, BellaCoola, Squamish
6. Wakashan
- Nootka, Kwakiutl
Others
- Tshimshian, Nishga, Haida, Kutenai, Beothuk
Terms and Concepts
1. “Indian” as used in the Indian Act:
- Ojibwa, Anishenabe; Eskimo-Inuit
- Assinebione, Athapaskan-Dene
2. Status vs Non-Status
- Non-Status: legal term referring to any First Nations individual who is not registered with the
federal government or is not registered to a band which signed a treaty with the Crown
- Metis and Inuit do not have status
- Status: A legal term referring to a First Nations individual who is registered with the Federal
Government after the Indian Act of 1876. The Canadian government developed criteria for
who would be legally considered an Indian
3. Treaty vs Non-treaty
- Treaty: formal agreements between legal indians or their ancestors and the Federal
government usually regarding land surrenders. Numbered treaties were signed between 1875
and 1921.There are many non status indians who consider themselves treaty Indians
- Non-Treaty: Does not belong to a band that is party to one of the 11 numbered treaties
signed by Canada and various First Nations between 1871 and 1922
4. Reserve vs Non-Reserve
- Reserve: Specified by the Indian Act as a “tract of land, legal title to which is vested
in her majesty, that has been set apart by her majesty for the use and benefit of a
band”
- Non-Reserve:
5. Enfranchisement - Bill C-31 (1985)
- Bring the Indian Act into line with gender equality under the Canadian Charter of Rights and
Freedoms. It is proposed modifications to various sections of the Indian Act, including
significant changes to Indian status and band membership with 3 major goals:
- 1. To Address gender discrimination of the Indian Act
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Did fieldwork in northwestern ontario near thunder bay where people still lived off the land. In the movie an officer and a gentleman. We have mountains to climb but we climb a step everyday . Born in 1941, cree first nations saskatchewan, phd, first person to use computers for music videos. In order for this to work, we have to assume that languages change in predictable patterns. Assumed 100 word list would translate with other related languages (has to be the same source) while trying to measure the amount of shared vocabulary. Problems with assimilation and borrowing from other languages. Languages that have separated recently will have more shared vocab. This was true for all languages not just exclusively the indo-european language family. Having an area that is available for population growth, languages will separate easily compared to in a smaller rural area where population growth is unlikely. Linguistic congestion takes place mostly in the west coast.
