BIOL 1070 Lecture : Unit 3 Notes

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lavendermanatee788

29 Jan 2012

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Natural selection: non-random differences in survival and/or reproduction among individual entities on the basis of differences in heritable characteristics. Adaptation: 1) a characteristic that enhances the survival and/or reproduction of organisms that bear it, relative to alternative (especially ancestral) character states: a physical, physiological, behavioural, or other characteristic evolved through natural selection. Not the change undergone by an individual organism during its lifetime in response to external conditions. Population: for sexual species, a group of interbreeding individuals and their offspring. fear of resistant bacteria from one place being introduced into new area where bacteria are not currently resistant. Us nih on antibiotic resistance y as microbes evolve, they adapt to their environment y. If an antimicrobial stops them from growing and spreading, they evolve new ways to resist them by changing their genetic structure y changing genetic structure ensures offspring of resistant microbes are also resistant.

Related Questions

Which statement about evolution by natural selection isfalse?

Natural selection allows organisms with higher fitness toreproduce more successfully.

Natural selection favors those traits that confer higherfitness in the environment.

Natural selection is a random change in characteristics of apopulation over generations.

Evolution by natural selection affects populations oforganisms, not individual organisms.

An organism's fitness depends on its _____.

ability to survive and reproduce

ability to swap genetic material with other organisms

physical size

ability to mutate

population

Consider the heavily armored stickleback fish population thatcolonized the lake. If all the individuals in that population weregenetically identical, what do you predict would happen when theycolonized the freshwater lake?

The population would increase, as it has increased foodresources.

The population would evolve through natural selection to bebetter adapted to its environment.

The population would decrease due to more juvenile fish beingeaten.

No answer text provided.

Which of the following are adaptations?

Thicker beaks on finches that allows them to eat large seeds,when large seeds are the most abundant.

Less armor on stickleback fish in freshwater that allows themto grow faster to avoid predation.

More armor on stickleback fish in the ocean that prevents themfrom being eaten by larger predators.

None of the above.

All of the above.

olivemink746

Adaptations are the characteristics of individual organisms--a reflection of the interaction of the genes and the environment. They are the product of natural selection. Although the process of natural selection is driven by the success or failure of individuals, the population--the collective of individuals and their alleles--changes through time, as individuals either succeed or fail to pass their genes to successive populations. Is there a good example to explain this concept? I need help understanding.

Note: -Please do not copy and past -Do not upload unreadiable images -provide references as needed -thank you

What is NOT a requirement for evolution by natural selection to occur?

a) Traits must be inherited

b) Traits must influence reproductive success

c) Inherited traits must have variation within the population

d) Characteristics that are favored (fitness) relate to the immediate environment

e) Variations will appear that will allow the survival of the species in future, unforeseen, circumstances.

Charles Darwin...

a) ... arrived at the idea of natural selection in the GalÃ¡pagos Islands.

b) ... was the first scientist to suggest evolution.

c) ... claimed that only aggressive and strong individuals would survive and reproduce.

d) ... with Alfred Wallace, published a mechanism for adaptive change, natural selection, and proposed a "tree of life".