BIOL 4150 Lecture : Lecture 2

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ochreherring44

17 Feb 2012

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: scientific method" complex relationships between organism and environment. multiple possible explanations for the same phenomena. A range of techniques for investigating phenomena. Data is collected through observation and experimentation. Correlation vs. causation: to emphasize that correlation between two variables does not automatically imply that one causes the other. Hypothesis: logical but unproven explanation for a given set of facts, starting point for further experimentation, testable, or worthless, tested by comparing results of experiments with the hypothesis" predictions. Ex: hypothesis: kangaroo populations primarily regulated by rainfall. Prediction: an implication of your hypothesis, often in the form of an if-then statement. Ex: prediction: if rainfall limiting, then aridity gradients correlated with abundance gradients. Theory: a hypothesis which has been tested numerous times and found to explain previous observations and makes accurate predictions about future observations. : an experimental manipulation used to determine cause and effect. It removes the effect of all other factors, except the being investigated.

Related Questions

The loss of stickleback pelvic spines is similar to the loss of which body parts in some other four-legged vertebrates?

A. divergent thumbs

B. fins

C. hind limbs

D. gills

The pelvic spines in the stickleback are modified what?

A. legs

B. fins

C. limbs

D. gills

What is a good generic definition of a hypothesis?

A. A combination of politics and scientific research to answer important questions for the general population.

B. An educated guess or expected answer to a scientific question based on prior knowledge and observation.

C. A prediction concerning a natural phenomenon based on personal observations in the natural world.

D. A theory that can easily be proven by conducting a few simple experiments.

Which is a properly written hypothesis?

A. The rose will grow tomorrow with sunlight.

B. If we take a rose outside and leave it, I think the sun will help it grow.

C. Roses will grow larger if given proper sunlight and nutrients.

D. I believe that increased sunlight and nutrients will allow roses to grow larger.

Which hypothesis states that no statistical significance exists between the independent and dependent variable?

A. simple hypothesis

B. null hypothesis

C. complex hypothesis

D. alternative hypothesis

E. statistical hypothesis

3. What are the key differences between a scientific hypothesisand a scientific theory according to the lecture? Choose from thefollowing:
a. [A hypothesis turns into a theory after very close scrutiny andacceptance by the scientific community.]
b. [A theory is an accumulation of many well-proven andwell-accepted hypotheses that explain why phenomenon occurs.]
c. [A hypothesis and a theory mean essentially the same thing inthe sciences. One is just slightly more proven than the other.]

4. What are the key differences between a scientific theory anda scientific law/principle according to the lecture? Choose fromthe following:
a. [A law explains the process of a phenomenon, but not why itoccurs like a theory does.]
b. [Laws are always correct and to the point. Theories aregenerally ideas that can be proven wrong.]
c. [Laws can explain why a phenomenon occurs, unlike a theory.]

5. According to the lecture, what energy source is Earth usingprimarily for its internal processes?
a. [Interior heat]
b. [Geothermal energy]
c. [Solar energy]
d. [Radioactive Decay]
e. [Magma]

6. According to the lecture, what energy source is Earth usingprimarily for its external/surficial processes?
a. [Interior heat]
b. [Geothermal energy]
c. [Solar energy]
d. [Radioactive Decay]
e. [Magma]

jadeporpoise824

Psychology of adulthood and aging;

Here is a question related to adulthood/aging that you think science canât answer:

Does age determine adulthood?

Then you will try to demonstrate how science could answer a related question. (Change the question to): When should a person be considered an adult?

Objectives:

Students should be able to speculate as to why two variables might be correlated, identify what a correlation between variables is not telling us, and anticipate what kind of research studies could further clarify a correlation between variables.

Students should be able to define operationalization, hypothesis, and be able to describe the scientific method by which psychologists study adulthood and aging.

a-First psychological variable

b-Give it a label

c-Briefly describe this variable.

Describe how this variable can be operationalized (that is, describe exactly how you determine which category or which value of the variable applies to a particular person or situation).

Second variable that you believe is related to your first variable.

a-Give it a label.

b-Briefly describe this variable.

c-Describe how this variable can be operationalized.

Once the variables are defined, the next step is to predict the relationship between these two variables by writing a hypothesis. A hypothesis is a prediction about the relationship between two or more variables. For now, assume that there is a causal relationship between the two variables even if it would be impossible or unethical to test a causal hypothesis. This means that changing a personâs score on one of the variables (the independent variable) would cause the personâs score on the other variable (the dependent variable) to change. For example, you might say, âIncreasing the amount of violent television that a person watches will cause that person to exhibit more aggressive behaviors.â

BIOL 4150 Lecture : Lecture 2

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