BIOL 4150 Lecture 9: Lecture 9 & 10

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ochreherring44

24 Feb 2012

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Essential components: two or more organisms that require a single resource that is in short supply, the supply of that resource must be affected by its use by the consumer: Nest space etc: the contest for that resource reduces the fitness of one or both competitors, competing organisms may be the: Different species = interspecific: organisms may compete by: : indirect competition, mediated via a shared resource. Interference: direct competition, aggressive physical interaction, one winner and one loser (absolute) Note: exploitation is more common that interference. R*: the highest fitness at the lowest level of resources. Do not produce a large number of progeny. Can not maintain fitness under low resource conditions. Note: competition drives fitness changes between species, and contributes to evolution (natural selection) Competitive exclusion principle: two species with identical requirements for shared limiting resources cannot coexist. One species will persist while the second will go locally extinct.

Related Questions

Worksheet 5 â Competition

This worksheet is designed to help you:

Understand the differences between intraspecific and interspecific competition.

Determine factors that may drive competition in nature.

Answer/address all of the following questions. In all cases, we require that your work be typed and that you make computer printouts of spreadsheets, graphics, or statistical output.

Provide 2 examples of intraspecific competition and 2 examples of interspecific competition. Cite your sources (16pts). Explain which scenario has more intense competition.

2. Produce a table showing the average number of beans collected by each individual during each foraging experiment (20pts).

An example raw data table is provided below â you are required to make a summary table from this information (hint: do not include raw data, only summary values, in a summary table).

3. Produce a bar graph (or bar graphs) reporting the experiment averages with appropriate error bars for each foraging experiment (16pts).

4. Provide null and alternative hypotheses for each foraging experimentâa total of 5 sets of hypothesis. (6 pts)

(hint: the 5 hypotheses will be (1) intraspecific competition between small beaked birds (experiment A), 2) Intraspecific Competition between large beaked birds (experiment B), (3) interspecific competition for small beans (experiment C), (4) Interspecific competition for large beans (Experiment D), 5) high vs. low density intraspecific competition (average A vs. average E).

5. Perform appropriate statistical tests for each hypothesis (12pts).

(hint: you are attempting to find out if there is a significant differences between two populations â for (i) and (ii) the statistical test will be paired and for (iii) the statistical test will be unpaired)

6. Discuss the results of each statistical test, and explain why you observed these patterns (15pts).

7. Explain how competitionâboth intraspecific and interspecificâdrove the evolution of Darwinâs finches (below) to develop specialized beak shapes? What do the different species compete for, and why are differences in morphology (e.g. bill shape and size) important? (15 pts)

if the sheep population in Tasmaania went from 30,000 in 1820 to1,900,000 in 1850, what was this population's annual r value duringthis period?

a 0.174905

b. 0.151795

c. 0.138280

d. 0.144178

The population interaction that occurs when two popuationsrequire the same resource that is in insufficient supply to providethe needs of both populations is

a. intraspecific competition

b. interspecific population

c. synbiosis

d. exploitation

A gathering of males to perform courship rituals within atraditional arena is called ?

a. a gaggle

b. a lek

c. a territory

d. a & b

The range of physical conditions within which individuals of aspecies can persist in the presence of predators and consumers istermed ?

a. realized niche

b. habitat

c. fundamental niche

d. lek

Population size can be regulated by

a. density independent factors

b. density dependent factors

c. dispersal

d. a & c

The phenomenon where individuals prefer mating with indiviudalswith similar genotypes is called ?

a. negative assortative making

b. positive assortative mating

c. assortative mating

d. genetic drift

A consumer which generally does not kill its resource is a?

a. carnivore

b. parasite

c. predator

d. b & d

burgundykangaroo118

Fish represent a _________ life history type, whereas most organisms die very quickly and produced quickly in large quantities.

Select one:

a. Equilibrial

b. Opportunistic

c. Benificial

d. Aytpical

Question text

What type of survivorship curve is typically represented by humans?

Select one:

a. Type III

b. Type II

c. Type I

d. Type 0

Question text

If 2 members of one species are competing directly for nutrients, mates, etc, this is labeled as:

Select one:

a. Intraspecific competition

b. Interspecific competition

c. Specific competition

Question text

Which of the following is NOT a common density-dependant factor of population ecology?

Select one:

a. Waste buildup

b. habitat destruction

c. limited food

d. limited territory

Question text

A species in danger of extinction throughout all or most of itâs home range is called:

Select one:

a. Endangered

b. Threatened

c. Repressed

d. Depressed

BIOL 4150 Lecture 9: Lecture 9 & 10

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