ENVS 2040 Lecture 3: L3 L4 ENVS*2040

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Pests and diseases affect so many different aspects of life. 99% of carbon is stored within sedimentary rock, 1% is distributed between oceans, plants, animals, fossil fuels, atmosphere. Gas and oil formation: oil and gas are formed from aquatic dead material, and coal is formed from organic terrestrial material. Forests hold 82% of all live plant carbon: carbon soil is part of the soil where decomposition is happening. Hydrological cycle (water cycle: plants are constantly respiring (releasing water molecules through the process of photosynthesis through the stomata, depending on conditions determines level of transpiration. Transpiration in uences the local climate, affecting the humidity. Warmer air holds more moisture, increasing transpiration which leads to humid air which leads to more precipitation. Erosion: roots hold soil, roots take up water, break cover, block wind erosion, build soil structure. Slow decomposition allows for organic matter to accumulate. Phytoremediation uses plant to remove contaminants from the environment.

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