ENVS 4012 Lecture Notes - Fissure Vent, Stratovolcano, Oceanic Crust

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Directly related to plate tectonics and most are located near plate boundaries. Mid-ocean ridges and subduction zones are sites where molten rock, or magma, reaches the surface. 2/3rd of all active volcanoes on land are located along the ring of fire, which surrounds the. Size, shape and behavior of volcanoes are closely related to their plate tectonic setting and to their magma chemistry and gas content. Magmas that form volcanoes mainly contain 8 elements: oxygen (o), silicon (si), aluminum (al), iron (fe), magnesium (mg), calcium (ca), sodium (na), and potassium (k). oxygen and silicon are the 2 most abundant. Different shapes and eruptive styles are formed depending on the chemistry and viscosity (fluidity) of magmas. (cold honey doesn"t flow much so it has a high viscosity, warm honey flows faster, therefore has a low viscosity) Magma with high silica contents are cooler, more viscous, and have more dissolved gases than mamas with relatively low silica contents.

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