HIST 1250 Lecture Notes - Rangaku, Joseph Banks, Natural Philosophy

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Science and empire: commerce and exploration: cultural status of science in japan (a) transmission of science and technology. Tokugawa shogunate: 17th to 19th c shogun: military leader or dictator: they ruled japan from 12th to 19th c tried to protect themselves from christianity. Science and the natural world theme: sovereignty over nature (francis bacon) traditional view: universe is a living female new view: universe is a machine humans active, natural world is passive. Naturalist, at the time did natural history, not natural philosophy. Kingdom, class, order, family, genus, species: the order of nature: carl linnaeus (1707 1778) Systema naturae (1735): hierarchical system with six levels: binomial classi cation: genus + species one friend of linnaeus"s: [with linnaeus"s] tables we can refer any sh, plant, or mineral to its genus and subsequently, to its species, though none of us had seen it b efore.

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