HIST 2040 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Absolute Monarchy, Air Burst, Grapeshot

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War and state ate the end of the 18th century. Distinction between public and private, state and non-state. Growing distinction between external and internal as the state established clearly defined borders. Distinction between economic and political associated with the rise of capitalism. Growing distinction between civil and military, domestic non-violent legal intercourse and external violent struggle, civility and barbarism. Distinction between legitimate bearers of arms and criminals. Sufficient coordination of the armed forces and the state during war. Fiscal apparatus capable of raising revenue in the form of customs and taxes. Creation of complex bureaucratic organizations and social institutions capable of sustaining military and financial needs. Paradigmatic armies included the french and prussians. System better than the aggregate contract army commissions to officers system of limited conscription financial strain, forced soldiers to pillage/ forage. Nearly impossible to work your way up the ranks, still in the hands of nobles. Men did not usually like their commanding officer.

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