HIST 2260 Lecture Notes - Secular Clergy, Ignatius Of Loyola, Tonantzin
1 Dec 2013
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Spain largely unaffected by protestant reformation and was centre of catholic revival in both spiritual and aggressive sense. First spanish settlements were in west indies, but spread to mainland with pirate and adventurer hern n cortez in 1521, who defeated aztec empire easily. Conquests spread into southern and western territories of present-day united states, and through most of south america. Spanish brought with them religion, as religion was intrinsic to sense of self, national culture - ethnicity", to use modern term. Conquest of americas more than just quest for territory and material riches (though it was this), but was ardent pursuit of souls for salvation. These groups were international in scope, usually with their leader located at rome, reporting directly to pope; thus had degree of independence from local kings, such as king of spain, and from local bishops. Secular priests prohibited from interfering with regular clergy, on penalty of ex-communication.
