LING 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Deep Structure And Surface Structure, Universal Grammar

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Define syntax and identify grammatical relations of the components that make up a sentence; Create phrase structure trees to represent linear order of words and the constituency of syntactic categories; Describe the relationships between sentences using transformational rules; and. Identify the role of universal grammar, including parameters and constraints found in all languages. Syntax examines how words combine to form phrases, which in turn combine to form sentences. Infinitives "to + verb" should not split up. Structure refers to the way that parts or elements are arranged together to form a larger unit. Functional categories: prepositions, determines, pronouns, conjunctions, complentizers, auxiliaries, modals. Contains a noun, preceded by a determiner, may be a proper noun, pronoun. Verb phrases contain a verb, and may be preceded by other verbs ake m. Verb phrases contain a verb, and may be preceded by other verbs like may, should, can, have, and may be followed by a noun phrase (np), a prepositional phrase (pp).

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