MBG 2040 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Tata Box, Rna Editing, Uridine Monophosphate

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19 Nov 2016

School

University of Guelph

Department

Molecular Biology and Genetics

Course

MBG 2040

Professor

Baozhong Meng

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Document Summary

The central dogma of biology is that information stored in dna is transferred to rna molecules during transcription and to proteins during translation. According to the central dogma of molecular biology, genetic information flows 1) from dna to dna during its transmission from generation to generation and 2) from dna to protein during its phenotypic expression in an organism. During the replication of rna viruses, information is transmitted from rna to rna. The transfer of genetic information from dna to protein involves two steps: 1) transcription, the transfer of information from dna to rna and 2) translation, the transfer of information from rna to protein. The transfer of genetic information from dna to rna can be reversible but the transfer of information from rna to protein is always irreversible. During transcription, one strand of dna is used as a template to synthesize a complementary strand of.

Related Questions

1. Which two of the following mutational changes would you predict to be the most deleterious to gene function?

a. Insertion of a single nucleotide near the end of a coding sequence.

b. Removal of a single nucleotide near the beginning of a coding sequence.

c. Deletion of three consecutive nucleotides in the middle of a coding sequence.

d. Deletion of four consecutive nucleotides in the middle of a coding sequence.

e. Substitution of one nucleotide for another in the middle of a coding sequence.

2. Which type of RNA chain encodes for proteins?

3. What are the pieces of RNA that are removed from the final, mature RNA chains by the process of splicing called?

4. There are three fundamental differences between RNA and DNA. List two of these differences.

5. What is the central dogma of molecular biology and what are the names of the processes that transmit the genetic information between the key components of the dogma?

indigocaribou576

1. Unlike DNA, RNA contains

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

Nucleic acid structure

2. In transcription, uracil will bond with:

thymine

cytosine

adenine

guanine

Transcription

3. The first team of scientist to document the structure of DNA was:

Franklin and Wilkins

Watson and Crick

Pauling and Chargoff

None of the above

DNA structure

4. Organelles that synthesize protein are:

lysosomes

ribosomes

endoplasmic reticulum

golgi bodies

5. Most of the time in a cell's life, it's DNA is in the form of:

Chromatin

Chromatids

Replicated chromosomes

Spindle fibers

6. Uracil is a nitrogen base that pairs with adenine. Using this information, one could conclude that uracil is a:

Purine

Pyrimidine

Neither a purine or pyrimidine

Not enough information

7. a nucleotide does not consist of a:

polymerase

5-carbon sugar

phosphate group

nitrogen base

8. The genetic code in DNA of an individual depends on the sequence (order) of:

nucleotides

purines only

phosphates

sugars

9. Before a cell divides, it must duplicate its DNA in a process known as:

translation

transformation

transcription

replication

10. The basic unit (building block) of a protein is a (an):

carbohydrate

amino acid

lipid

hydrogen bond

11. Unlike DNA, RNA contains:

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

12. The structure of DNA was first documented in:

1945

1953

1956

1962

13. In DNA replication, the new molecules produced are:

of unequal length

both assembled in the same direction

built with purines as the backbone

assembled in opposite directions

DNA replication

14. The "backbone" of DNA is composed of:

ribose and phosphates

deoxyribose and phosphates

ribose and uracil

deoxyribose and thymine

DNA structure

15. RNA differs from DNA in which of the following ways?

RNA is single-stranded

RNA contains ribose

RNA does not contain thymine

All of the above

DNA structure

16. Which of the following is NOT required for the transcription process itself?

RNA polymerase

DNA

uracil-containing nucleotides

ribosomes

skyhamster121

1. The Pribnow Box is a

A. attenuator

B. enhancer

C. promoter

D. operator

2. Which of the following do not occur during post-transcriptional processing of RNA in eukaryotes?

A. the splicing of introns

B. addition of a poly-A at the 3' end

C. removal of introns

D. addition of a 7-methyl guanosine cap at the 5' end

3. In transcription, RNA polymerase binds at

A. a promoter

B. an operator

C. the oriC locus

D. an enhancer

4. The Central Dogma in genetics describes

A. the pattern of information flow in the cell

B. the pattern of chromosomal inheritance in populations

C. the role of mutations in disease

D. the role of promoters

5. Which of the following sequences of DNA could code for a stem-loop structure (only the template strand is shown)?

A. 3'--G-G-C-C-C-T-T-G-G-A-A-A-A-C-C-A-A-G-G-G-C-C--5'

B. 3'--G-G-C-C-C-T-T-G-G-A-A-A-A-G-G-T-T-C-C-C-G-G--5'

C. 3'--G-G-C-C-C-T-T-G-G-T-T-T-T-G-G-C-C-C-T-T-G-G--5'

D. none of the above

6. Removal of introns from RNA is by

A. primosomes

B. peptidases

C. galactosidases

D. spliceosomes

7. Which of the following represents the units for measuring the rate of sedimentation of a molecule/organelle in a sucrose gradient?

A. molecular weight

B. Svedberg units

C. map units

D. Daltons

8. During transcription, which strand is not read by the RNA polymerase?

A. coding strand

B. noncoding strand

C. template strand

D. terminator strand

9. The function of the rho protein is

A. to help terminate translation

B. to help RNA polymerase bind to the DNA

C. to help RNA polymerase find a promoter

D. to help terminate transcription

10. The unusual bases found in transfer RNAs

A. are added during transcription

B. are normal bases that have been modified after transcription

C. help the tRNAs to bind to DNA

D. ensure that the tRNA stays linear in solution

MBG 2040 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Tata Box, Rna Editing, Uridine Monophosphate

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