MICR 2420 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Gram-Positive Bacteria, Osamu Shimomura, Scanning Tunneling Microscope

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Chapter 2: Observing Microbes
Resolution is the smallest distance between two objects that allows to see them separately
Detection – Ability to determine the presence of an object
Magnification – Reveals the shapes of individual cells- Increasing the apparent size of
an object
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Microscopy for Different size Scales
Light microscopy- Resolves images by their absorption of light
Electron microscopy- uses beams of electron to resolve
Atomic force microscopy
-uses intermolecular forces between a probe and an object to map the 3D topography of a
cell or cell parts
X-ray crystallography – detects the interference pattern of x-ray entering the crystal
lattice of a molecule
Chemical imaging microscopy
This technique applies mass spectroscopy to a microscopic objects
Object, eg. Microbe is bombarded with a beam of ions that vapaorizes organic molecules
from the objects surface
The molecular fragments are identified through mass analysis
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Bright-Field Microscope
Produces a dark image against a brighter background
Has several objective lenses
Total magnification
oproduct of the magnifications of the ocular lens and the objective lens
Compound microscope
The compound microscope consists of two optical components (thus the term
compound): the objective lens system, which has a very short focal distance and is placed
very close to the object; and the ocular or eyepiece system, which has a longer focal
length, lower magnification; and which further magnifies and projects the image onto the
retina of the eye.
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Document Summary

Resolution is the smallest distance between two objects that allows to see them separately. Detection ability to determine the presence of an object. Magnification reveals the shapes of individual cells- increasing the apparent size of an object. Light microscopy- resolves images by their absorption of light. Electron microscopy- uses beams of electron to resolve. Uses intermolecular forces between a probe and an object to map the 3d topography of a cell or cell parts. X-ray crystallography detects the interference pattern of x-ray entering the crystal lattice of a molecule. This technique applies mass spectroscopy to a microscopic objects. Object, eg. microbe is bombarded with a beam of ions that vapaorizes organic molecules from the objects surface. The molecular fragments are identified through mass analysis. Produces a dark image against a brighter background. Total magnification: product of the magnifications of the ocular lens and the objective lens. Focus light rays at a specific place called the focal point.

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