True / False Questions
01. _____ Antibody is composed of 2identical long heavy chains and 2 identical shorter lightchains.
02. _____ Variable (V) and constant(C) regions are part of both heavy and light chains.
03. _____ Variable regions for heavyand light chains from the same antibody molecule are alwaysidentical.
04. _____ Variable region of lightchains are encoded by the DNA sequences that contain rearranged V,D, and J segments.
05. _____ Fc part of the antibody isnot important, F(abĆ¢ĀĀ)2 fragment has the same binding andeffector capacity.
06. _____ Fab fragments are generatedby alternative splicing.
07. _____ J chain is used as asurrogate light chain during pre-B cell receptor testing forsuccessful V(D)J rearrangement.
08. _____ Binding of the antigen byantibody is stabilized by disulfide bonds.
09. _____ RAG1/2 are always expressedin B cells at high level, because B cells need RAG1/2 to constantlyrearrange their V regions.
10. _____ Ć¢ĀĀNĆ¢ĀĀ (non template)nucleotides are added by TdT.
11. _____ The 12/23 rule is appliedduring class switching.
12. _____ For B cells, V(D)Jrecombination occurs only in the bone marrow.
13. _____ The process of somatichypermutation helps to improve specificity of the antibody.
14. _____ In late pro-B cells, Vsegment is rearranged with DJ segments.
15. _____ Failure to eliminateself-reactive B cells may lead to serious autoimmune diseases.
16. _____ Mature, naĆĀÆve B cellsexpress IgD and any of the other classes of antibody (IgM, IgG,IgA, or IgE) on their surfaces.
17. _____ B1 cells are present in theperitoneal cavity, pleural spaces and brain.
18. _____ AID (activation inducedcytidine deaminase) is expressed only in B cells and it canintroduce breaks in double stranded DNA.
19. _____ Different classes (isotypes)of antibodies have different effector functions, which aretriggered by special receptors expressed by a variety of cells.
20. _____ Plasma cells are terminallydifferentiated cells that produce large quantities ofantibodies.
21. _____ Repeated exposure to thesame antigen eventually leads to immunological exhaustion and lackof immunity, because there is no room for new plasma cells in thebone marrow.
22. _____ Germinal centers arespecialized sites within the bone marrow where Ig genes ofactivated B cells undergo affinity maturation.
23. _____ B cells can present antigensto T helper cells.
24. _____ Co-stimulatory molecules arerequired for efficient generation of memory B cells.
25. _____ Lymphocytes migrate to thelymphoid tissues in response to chemokines.
26. _____ Class switching duringgerminal center reaction is a random process.
27. _____ T cell independent responsescan generate strong and long lasting B cell memory.
28. _____ Fc receptors that arepresent on many different cell types are crucial for removal of thepathogens.
29. _____ The ideal vaccine should bedesigned to mimic the natural course of infection without causingsymptoms of the disease.
30. _____ The protective immunity canbe generated against any pathogen because there is virtuallyunlimited number of possible V regions, thus any antigen can berecognize by an antibody.
