NUTR 2050 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Prostate Cancer, Green Tea, Nutrigenomics
UNIT 1
Definitions
• Malnutrition
o Pathological state of relative or absolute deficiency or excess of one of more essential
nutrients
• Nutritional Risk
o Risk factors that can lead to malnutrition
• Nutrigenomics
o Study of nutrient-gene interactions and the effects of these interaction on health
o How the body uses nutrients and how they impact body functioning
o Examples
▪ Whole oats and blood cholesterol
▪ Alcohol intake and pregnancy
▪ Green tea and prostate cancer
▪ High-carb diets with sedentary lifestyles and obesity
• Food security
o When people at all times have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe
and nutritious foods to meet dietary needs
Nutrient Intake
• Individual requirements are never truly known, but recommended amounts for age, gender, and
physiological stages are estimated based on research
Deficiency vs. Toxicity
• Happen gradually
• Iron deficiency
o Increased iron intake
o Decreased content in macrophages
o Decreased iron in RBC
o Insufficient iron to muscle and iron-containing enzymes of most cells in the body
o Impaired cell function
o Lethargy/weakness
• Iron toxicity
o Excess iron intake
o Saturation of transferrin and non-protein bound iron in circulation
o Parenchymal iron loading
o Excessive iron available in cells
o Organ damage
Canadian Dietary Advice
• Eat at least one dark green and one orange vegetable a day
• Have vegetables and fruit more often than fruit
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Document Summary
Individual requirements are never truly known, but recommended amounts for age, gender, and physiological stages are estimated based on research. Increased iron intake: decreased content in macrophages, decreased iron in rbc. Insufficient iron to muscle and iron-containing enzymes of most cells in the body. Iron toxicity: excess iron intake, saturation of transferrin and non-protein bound iron in circulation, parenchymal iron loading, excessive iron available in cells, organ damage. Canadian dietary advice: eat at least one dark green and one orange vegetable a day, have vegetables and fruit more often than fruit, make at least half your grain products whole grain each day. Inform consumers of making choices about the foods they purchase to consume. Social-ecological model for the determinants of food intake: used to understand the influences on our health behaviours. Intrapersonal factors: personal values, food dislikes, health status, family rules, religion and age.