NUTR 2050 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Pasteurization, Breastfeeding, Choline
1 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
NUTR 2050
UNIT 8
Nutrient Needs
• Increased calories
• Increased protein
• Increased fat
• Increased nutrient needs
o Niacin, folate, choline, vitamin c
Recommendations for Supplements
• 10ug vitamin D from birth until 1 year of age
o If breastfeeding
• No supplementation if formula fed
General Recommendations for Feeding Infants in Canada
• Young infants
o Breastfeeding exclusively until 6 months
o Breastfeeding or formula is to be the primary source of nutrition for the first year of life
o Formula for the first 9 months to one year of life needs to be fortified with iron
o Pasteurized cow milk after 9 months
o Use of soy formula for allergic, religious, or cultural reasons
o 2-1% milk not recommended for under 2 years old
▪ Fat needed for growth
o Soy beverages unacceptable in first 2 years
o Soy protein in place of milk should be limited
o Water must be from a safe source
o Limit the use of juice
• Older infants
o Diverse intake from all food groups
o Nutrient rich foods
o Iron containing foods to prevent deficiency
o Do not use unpasteurized honey
o Cook eggs well
o Avoid hard, small, sticky, or round food pieces
o Supervise during eating
o Do not prop bottles
• What influences feeding practices?
o College education, being married, region of country, and older parents associated with
positive breastfeeding behaviours
o Mothers breastfeeding more likely to introduce fruit rather than sweetened
beverages/candy
• How feedings change over time
o Developmental stage at 6-9 months
▪ Prefer smooth textures
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Increased nutrient needs: niacin, folate, choline, vitamin c. Recommendations for supplements: 10ug vitamin d from birth until 1 year of age. If breastfeeding: no supplementation if formula fed. Nutr 2050: division of responsibility, parents, what, breast or formula. Infant: when and how much/how fast, transitioning to solids, division of responsibility, transition feeding is moving beyond demand feeding to a schedule of eating that is more consistent with the family eating pattern. It is the pare(cid:374)t"s respo(cid:374)si(cid:271)ility to pro(cid:448)ide food a(cid:374)d (cid:373)o(cid:448)e i(cid:374)to s(cid:272)hedule: demand feedings of breast or formula are still provided as needed, hunger cues. Infant is getting ready for solid foods: watches food being prepared, reaches for food/spoon, tight fists. Irritation if pace too slow or stops: fullness cues, plays with food, slows pace of eating, turns away from spoon, tries to get out of high chair, stops eating, spits out food, feeding techniques.
