NUTR 2050 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Infant Mortality, Preterm Birth, Physical Abuse
1 Jun 2018
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UNIT 6
Definitions – Alcohol Intake During Pregnancy
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
o Requires medical diagnosis
o Cluster of anomalies associated with use of alcohol during pregnancy
o Traits
▪ Growth restriction
• Prenatal or post natal along with facial features
▪ Central nervous involvement resulting in developmental delays, behaviour
dysfunction, and leaning disabilities
• Fetal alcohol effects (FAE)
o Used when some but not all traits of FAS are present
o May be used when alcohol exposure is unknown
• Alcohol related birth defects (ARBD)
o Term includes FAS and FAE
o Used to describe any physical, developmental, or behavioural effects resulting from
alcohol exposure
• Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)
o Umbrella term describing range of harm that can result from prenatal alcohol exposure
Definitions – Hypertension Disorders and Diabetes
• Chronic hypertension
o Present before pregnancy or diagnosed 20 weeks before gestation
o Does not resolve with delivery
• Gestational hypertension
o Present after 20 weeks gestation
o First identified during pregnancy
• Preeclampsia
o Mid-pregnancy, hypertension with protein spilling into urine
• Eclampsia
o Seizures occur in women with preeclampsia
• Gestational diabetes
o Carb intolerance first identified in pregnancy
Determinants of Food Intake
• Smoking status
o Women 19-45 years of age
▪ Type of smoker
• Daily: 26%
• Occasionally: 6%
• Not at all: 68%
o Highest ratees in Nunavut, lowest rates in Ontario
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