NUTR 4090 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Tumor Suppressor Gene, Precancerous Condition, Carcinoma
8 Mar 2019
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What is cancer: uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells, caused by genetic mutations, gain of function (omncogenes, loss of function (tumor suppressor genes, change in metabolism, tumor = formed by abnormal cells, benign, pre-malignant or malignant, 1. Bengin -> atypical cells without metastatic properties: 2. Pre-malignant -> altered cells capable of becoming malignant: 3. Malignant -> abnormal cell that has gained capacity to migrate. Cancer types *dont need to know for exam: carcinoma: >85% of cancers. Begin in the cells that line and cover internal and external organs. Self sufficient in growth signals -> atonemous drive to proliferate (oncogenes eg ras, myc: 2. Insensitivity to growth inhibitory signals -> inactivation of tumour suppressor genes: cells that tell cells to grow or not is always turned on so cells grow grow grow, 3. Evasion of apoptosis (programmed cell death) -> suppress or inactivate genes: 4. Limitless replicative potential -> activate specific gene pathways that render them immortal: 5.
