PATH 3610 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Pancreatic Duct, Acute Pancreatitis, Pancreatic Islets
14 May 2018
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Department
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PANCREAS
- exocrine pancreas: produces inactive enzymes that are activated in
duodenum & are used to breakdown food
- endocrine pancreas: produces hormones
Functions – exocrine, trysinogen cleaved
- proteins – trypsin, chymotrypsin, aminopeptidase
- elastin – elastase
- carbohydrates – amylase
- fats – lipase
- cell membranes – phospholipase
Pancreatitis – disease of exocrine pancreas
- pathogenesis – inflammatory disease because of pancreatic duct obstruction
through gallstones, alcoholism
o proteolysis: proteases lyse protein – breakdown of proteins into
smaller molecule
o fat necrosis: due to lipase
o haemorrhage: elastase on blood vessels
- enzymes are secreted into ducts and activated in pancreas instead of
intestine → inflammation of pancreas → pancreatitis (very painful)
- acute pancreatitis – very painful
- chronic pancreatitis: destruction of pancreas
- breaking down lipase with phospholipase → forms soap
- with exocrine pancreas, you can replace functions
Functions-endocrine
- islets of Langerhans, produce:
o insulin
o glucagon
- other hormones
- normal glucose metabolism
o basal state: not eaten for a long time
▪ steady state (postabsorptive), glucose maintained by glycogen
breakdown in liver
Terms
- Normoglycemia (normo = normal, gly = glucose and emia = blood): important
to maintain blood glucose
- Hypoglycaemia: little glucose in blood, no affect in short term but affects in
long term
- Hyperglycemia: too much glucose in blood, bad long term so body produces
insulin that causes blood glucose to drop → goes back to normoglycemic
range
o Insulin: stimulates cells to absorb glucose out of cells, storage
hormone
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Document Summary
Exocrine pancreas: produces inactive enzymes that are activated in. Pancreas duodenum & are used to breakdown food. Elastin elastase carbohydrates amylase fats lipase cell membranes phospholipase. Pathogenesis inflammatory disease because of pancreatic duct obstruction: proteolysis: proteases lyse protein breakdown of proteins into smaller molecule fat necrosis: due to lipase through gallstones, alcoholism, haemorrhage: elastase on blood vessels. Enzymes are secreted into ducts and activated in pancreas instead of intestine inflammation of pancreas pancreatitis (very painful) Acute pancreatitis very painful chronic pancreatitis: destruction of pancreas. Breaking down lipase with phospholipase forms soap. With exocrine pancreas, you can replace functions. Functions-endocrine islets of langerhans, produce: insulin: glucagon. Normal glucose metabolism: basal state: not eaten for a long time, steady state (postabsorptive), glucose maintained by glycogen breakdown in liver. Normoglycemia (normo = normal, gly = glucose and emia = blood): important to maintain blood glucose. Hypoglycaemia: little glucose in blood, no affect in short term but affects in long term.
