PATH 3610 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Pulmonary Edema, Spirometer
14 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Respiratory System
Principles
- Anatomy and function
- edema
- lung defences, bacterial pneumonia, tuberculosis
- alveolar injury: intestinal pneumonia and the acute respiratory distress syndrome
- airway disease: infectious, asthma, COPD
- lung cancer
Anatomy
- nasal cavity, larynx, trachea
- bronchi, bronchioles
o air conduction
o warming and humidification
o removal of particles
- alveoli: gas exchange
- Upper respiratory tract (URT): nasal passages, larynx and upper trachea
- Lower respiratory tract (LRT): lower trachea and lungs
Ventilation of lung
- 10,000 L of air daily
- 300 000 000 alveoli, 80m^2, 1 tennis court
Perfusion of lung
- 1blood volume (5L) every minute
- capillary transit time: 0.75 seconds (0.25 seconds required for O2 exchange)
- think about importance of perfusion, regulation of perfusion, don’t regulate under ventilated areas
Pulmonary functions
- oxygen absorption and CO2 removal
o ventilation (brain, muscles, airways, compliance)
o gas exchange across air-blood barrier
o perfusion
- defence against airborne micro-organisms
- biotransformation, endocrine functions
Pulmonary disease causes failure of lung function
1) arterial blood gas analysis
a. decrease paO2: hypoxemia
b. increase paO2: hypercapnea
2) Ventilation mechanics: airflow and volume measured using a spirometer
a. Graph on spirometer → machine gives data after someone blows on spirometer
Lung function: ventilation mechanics
- forced vital capacity: total volume of exhaled air
- FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 second
- Asthma → sever airflow obstruction
o Expiration time = 11 sec
Pulmonary edema
- BAD b/c obstructs alveolar ventilation
- impairs surfactant system in lung , decreases compliance
- compliance = V/P
Edema in the lung
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Document Summary
Alveolar injury: intestinal pneumonia and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Airway disease: infectious, asthma, copd lung cancer. Bronchi, bronchioles: air conduction, warming and humidification, removal of particles. Upper respiratory tract (urt): nasal passages, larynx and upper trachea. Lower respiratory tract (lrt): lower trachea and lungs. 300 000 000 alveoli, 80m^2, 1 tennis court. Perfusion of lung capillary transit time: 0. 75 seconds (0. 25 seconds required for o2 exchange) 1blood volume (5l) every minute think about importance of perfusion, regulation of perfusion, don"t regulate under ventilated areas. Oxygen absorption and co2 removal: ventilation (brain, muscles, airways, compliance, gas exchange across air-blood barrier, perfusion. Pulmonary disease causes failure of lung function: arterial blood gas analysis, decrease pao2: hypoxemia, increase pao2: hypercapnea, ventilation mechanics: airflow and volume measured using a spirometer, graph on spirometer machine gives data after someone blows on spirometer. Lung function: ventilation mechanics forced vital capacity: total volume of exhaled air. Fev1: forced expiratory volume in 1 second.
