PHIL 2120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: False Dilemma, Deontological Ethics, Mind Control
7 Dec 2015
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Critical thinking (reasoning) sept. 14 thinking carefully and correctly (cid:1) (cid:1) Are ethics internal or changing reasoning actively connects thoughts with respect to specific aim: the result of the activity of reasoning is called inference or argument. An argument is a reasoned attempt to justify a conclusion: series of evidence to support an conclusion, ex: 1) all men are mortal. They are means of persuasion to determine what is an argument and what is not, look for indicator words questions, imperatives: example of non-arguments: descriptions, explanations, indicator words are divided by conclusions and premise. Conclusion indicator words: hence, therefore, thus, consequently, so, as we can see, to conclude. Premise indicator words: because, given that, let us suppose, whereas, since, for, in so far as. Evaluation of arguments: a) criterial approach, where we examine: 2) the reasoning from premises to the conclusion: b) fallacy approach, where we look for signs of (relevance) irrelevance.
