PSYC 2330 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Edward C. Tolman, Operant Conditioning Chamber, Glanville Williams

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bronzefish756

23 Mar 2012

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3 important elements stimulus, response and biologically signi cant stimulus. Also contextual stimulus such as a smoking booth. What is the operant/instrument in smoking? the cigarette. What is the biological stimulus? the nicotine. Stimuli that are not learned (primary) - true unconditioned stimuli. Stimuli needed for survival = food, water, sex. Stimuli that mimic the effect of food, water and sex in the brain = drugs. A previous neutral stimulus that has acquired the capacity of strengthen responses because it has been repeatedly paired with food or with some other primary reinforcer. Join b. wolfe 1936 - chimpanzees pressing a lever for tokens. Stimuli whose reinforcing properties derive uniquely from the behaviour of other members of the same species: praise, affection, attention. They are usually a blend of primary and secondary reinforcers (smile & good) Shaping - a process that involves the use of conditioned reinforcers. Cannot make an animal produce a random response unless you rst establish a relationship.

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40. Zack and his mom are baking cookies together for the first time. The first time the oven timer goes off, Zack shows no particular response. Then Zack gets to eat one of the cookies from the cookie tray that his mom pulls out of the oven, causing his mouth to water. From then on, every time Zack hears the oven timer, Zack's mouth begins to water. This is best described as A) operant conditioning, with the sound of the oven timer as the negative reinforcer B) operant conditioning, with mouth watering as the negative reinforcer C) classical conditioning, with mouth watering as the conditioned stimulus D) classical conditioning, with the sound of the oven timer as the unconditioned stimulus E) classical conditioning, with the sound of the oven timer as the conditioned stimulus

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29. Four year old Louise injured a small puppy while she was playing with it. Later on when other small children are near the puppy he becomes very upset and barks loudly. This illustrates A) operant conditioning B) extinction C) stimulus generalization D) negative reinforcement E) higher-order conditioning

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36. Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which: a. responses come to be controlled by their consequences. b. an organism's responding is influenced by the observation of others' c. an organism engages in a response that brings aversive stimulation to an end. d. a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to elicit a response that was originally elicited by another stimulus.

PSYC 2330 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Edward C. Tolman, Operant Conditioning Chamber, Glanville Williams

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