Attachment and Developmental Psychology
October-28-13
3:07 AM
Developmental Psychology:
Examines physical, cognitive, and social development across the life span,
focussing on :
Nature vs. Nurture: How our genetic inheritance interacts with our
experiences to influence development
Continuity and Stages: What parts of our development are gradual and
which change abruptly in separate stages
Stability and Change: How we change as we age and which of our traits
remain
Continuity and Stages:
Piaget's stages of cognitive development: Sensorimotor stage,
preoperational stage, concrete operational, formal operational
Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development: Basic trust,
autonomy, initiative, competence, identity, intimacy, generativity, integrity
Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development: Preconventional
morality, conventional morality, post conventional morality.
Stability and Change:
-Temperament is a very stable characteristic.
-Traits, such as social attitude, are much less stable then traits such as
temperament.
-Everyone changes with age, with some changes occurring without changing
a person's position relative to others of the same age.
Prenatal Development:
Zygotes: Fertilized Eggs
Embryo: Inner cells of zygote once zygote attached to uterine walls
Placenta: Outer cells of zygote and becomes link to transfer nutrients
and oxygen to embryo
Fetus: Nine week after conception, embryo becomes fetus During the sixth month, organs begin to develop that would allow a fetus
chance to survive if prematurely born.
-Learning of language begins in the womb
Teratogens: Substances such as Virus and drug agents that can
damage the fetus.
Fetal alcohol syndrome: Small, disproportioned head and lifelong
brain abnormalities. This occurs because alcohol has an epigenetic
effect which is the chemical mark on DNA that can switch genes
abnormally off and on.
The Newborn
-Newborns have automatic reflex responses
Habituation: A decrease in responding with repeated stimulation as it
becomes normal.
Within days after birth, a babies neural network is stamped with their
mother's scent.
Cognitive Development:
Cognition: All mental activities associated with thinking, knowing,
remembering and communicating.
Piaget's Core Idea: Drive behind intellectual progression is the
struggle to make sense of experiences. Maturing brain builds schemes
(concept or framework to organize and interpr
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