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Lecture 18
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Parenting 3: Family Conflict
Parent/Offspring Conflict
- Parent plant and seed attention, which means applicable in many different things
- Conflict: because not genetically identical, therefore slightly different genetic
interests
- Sibling Rivalry: You VS Sibling: related by 0.5, But you are related to yourself by 1.0
o Therefore, you value your own welfare more
o Relatedness to your offspring, and relatedness to niece or nephew
▪ Offspring: 0.5, 0.25 Niece/Nephew
o Parent/Conflict comes in because there is MOM! Who is related to both you
and your sibling by 0.5
▪ This means that the parents prefers to treat offspring equally, all else
being equal
▪ Offspring values themselves more, parent prefers to invest equally in
both children
▪ But each child trying to claim a larger slice of pie for themselves
• Not all, but they want more
• Because of self-interest
• EX: parent cuts pizza equally for both children, but both
children want a bigger slice
- Direct Benefit of child decreases as time (weaning) goes on and the child gets older
- Cost of delaying to future sibs/offspring increases if no benefit, and increase tie of
weaning, therefore there is a mother’s desired cutoff
- Regression
Optimal investment
- Marginal benefit to focal offspring
- Opportunity cost available alternative avenues for investment
- Effect of investment on mom’s “residual” reproductive value
- Maternal age
Genomic imprinting
- Copy of a gene is turned on or off depending on which sex of parent it came from
- If you are female, when you pass it on, it will be on in your child regardless
- If you are male, it will be turned off, regardless if you are boy or girl
- Gene responsible for insulin, it’s the paternal copy that is turned on in the fetus
which attempt to raise sugar levels in the mother to get more nutrients
o Most of the placenta is coated by the paternal genome (dad genes)
▪ Extracting recourses from wife to give to baby, mothers body resists
this to give her optimum
- When on side slips, but too much tensions
o Gestational diabetes or hypertension
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