PSYC 3350 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Mary Ainsworth, Shyness, Cognitive Development
29 Mar 2016
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Document Summary
Development: changes that show greater complexity, organization and competencies. Gesell: normative timetable for motor development milestones among infants (thought timing was same for all infants worldwide) Contemporary theorists: there are universal as well as culture specific dev. Temperament: biologically based style of interacting with the world that exists from birth: not fixed, influenced by experiences, relatively stable, but can be modified over time. Thomas and chess: 3 major categories of temperament: 1) easy: regular, positive/adaptive beh, 2) difficult: withdrawing, neg moods, 3) slow to warm up. Thomas and chess: goodness of fit: how well child"s temperament matches the expectations of parent, env and culture, if mismatch, more negative outcomes. Study: masai infants in kenya: difficult temperament was more adaptive, used as a protective factor against malnutrition. Children will evoke different responses from caregivers and env. Freedman: chinese american babies were more calm than european or african. American babies: breathed calmly through mouth when cloth placed on face.
