BIOL 2500 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Gamete, Product Rule, Molecular Genetics

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Inheritance: the transition of traits between generations. Chromosomes: rna - ribonucleic acid, dna deoxyribonucleic acid, prokaryotes chromosomes are circular, a continuous strand of dna, often packaged with proteins, eukaryotes - chromosomes are usually linear. Cell cycle: mitosis, nucleus division, cytokinesis, cell division, pre synthesis gap, synthesis gap, post synthesis gap. M g1 s g2 . G1 s g2 is interphase. S: dna replication single chromatid becomes duplicated chromosome post s phase. These are used for growth and repair of somatic (non reproductive) cells. Mitosis: 1 round of duplication (s phase, followed by 1 round of division (mitosis and cytokinesis) Meiosis: 1 round of duplication, 2 divisions meiosis 1 and 2. 2 reasons for variation: random orientation on the metaphase plate, recombination: causes new combination of genetic material on chromosomes, each gamete is genetically unique. Function: growth and repair of somatic cells/ gamete production.

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