BIOL 1020 Lecture 16: October 10th 2014 - bio 1020.docx

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BIOL 1020 Full Course Notes
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BIOL 1020 Full Course Notes
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51 documents

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Organisms that undergo fermentation: obligate anaerobes, carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration (using sulfate or metal ions, cannot survive in the presence of o2, facultative anaerobes, use either fermentation or oxidative phosphorylation. Pyruvate in facultative anearobiasis: substrate for two alternative catabolic pathways in facultative anaerobes. Natural alcohol fermentation by yeasts in fruits: breaks in the skin of grapes and fruit allows entry of microbes, once oxygen is consumed. Glycolysis and fermentation as the more ancient pathways: anaerobic prokaryotes evolved before oxygen revolution, first prokaryotes atp exclusively from glycolysis and fermentation, enzymes in cytoplasm. Later: advantage for prokaryotes that could use oxygen aerobic metabolism. Autotrophs (sun)light: electromagnetic energy/radiation, rhythmic waves/discrete particles - photons, wavelength-distance between crest and waves (characterized the type of electromagnetic energy) Physical characteristics of light: visible light wavelengths that we can see, electromagnetic spectrum, shorter wavelengths have high energy, long wavelength have lower energy.

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