BIOL 1410 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Sella Turcica, Pituitary Gland, Anterior Pituitary
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TOPIC 18: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
A) Endocrine System: Overview
ductless glands and endocrine tissues within other organs
secrete chemicals = hormones into blood
o transported to target cells via circulation and act on target cells
o target cell = cell with receptor specific for that hormone – a hormone will trigger a reaction to
the target cell for that specific hormone
B) Hormone Classes
1) Steroids
synthesized from cholesterol (lipid soluble)
testosterone, estrogen, vitamin D
2) Hormones derived from amino acids:
e.g. derived from tyrosine
a) thyroxine/T4
a thyroid hormone
lipid soluble
controls cellular metabolism
b) epinephrine + norepinephrine (catecholamines)
adrenal medulla hormones
water soluble
short term stress – part of the fight-or-flight response
3) Peptide + Protein hormones
chains of amino acids
mainly water soluble
e.g. oxytocin, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), growth hormone (GH), insulin
C) Endocrine Glands
Glands with no other function:
1) Pituitary gland (basically looks like balls) – many hormones that signals other glands (everything
listed below)
suspended from hypothalamus – so it’s loated in the rain
in sella turcica of sphenoid bone – right in the center of the skill; so right in the center of
the brain
2 lobes:
a) Anterior Pituitary
epithelial tissue
anterior pituitary hormone secretion regulated by hormones released by
the hypothalamus
metabolism hormones:
i. Growth Hormone
promotes growth or metabolism
ii. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
stimulates secretion of thyroid
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Document Summary
Topic 18: endocrine system: endocrine system: overview. Controls cellular metabolism lipid soluble: epinephrine + norepinephrine (catecholamines) Water soluble short term stress part of the fight-or-flight response: peptide + protein hormones. E. g. oxytocin, antidiuretic hormone (adh), growth hormone (gh), insulin: endocrine glands. Anterior pituitary hormone secretion regulated by hormones released by the hypothalamus. Promotes growth or metabolism: thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh) stimulates secretion of thyroid. 1: adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) stimulates secretion adrenal steroids reproductive hormones: Luteinizing hormone (lh: follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin (prl) stimulates milk formation, posterior pituitary. Hormones produced in hypothalamus, stored and secreted from the posterior pituitary: oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions and milk ejection, antidiuretic hormone (adh) Water reabsorption in kidney: thyroid gland. On anterior surface of the superior part of the trachea. Butterfly shaped thyroid histology: follicles (bump like on the surface of the thyroid) Produce thyroxine (t4); stimulates metabolism: parafollicular cells.