BIOL 2420 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Radiant Energy, Food Energy
Unit 10 – Lecture 10
Regulation of Body Temperature
- Type 2 diabetes is an excellent examples of the link between body weight and metabolism
- Development of obesity may be linked to the efficiency with which the body converts food
energy into cell and tissue components
o One theory
▪ People who are more efficient in transferring energy from food to fat there are
the ones who put on weight
o Contrast
▪ People who are less metabolically efficient can eat the same number of calories
and not gain weight because more food energy is released as heat
Body Temperature Balances Heat Production, Gain and Loss
- Temperature regulation in humans is linked to metabolic heat production
- Homeothermic animals
o Humans
o Our bodies regulate internal temperature within a relatively narrow range
o Average body temperature is 37ºC with a normal range of 35.5-37.7ºC
▪ Subject to considerable variation
• throughout the day
• depending on the individual
• the place the temperature is taken from
o oral temperatures are 0.5ºC lower than rectal temperatures
- factors affecting body temperature in a given individual
o body temperature increases with exercise or after a meal
o temperature cycles throughout the day
▪ lowest body temperature occurs in the early morning, highest occurs in the
early evening
▪ reproductive women exhibit monthly temperature cycle
• basal body temperatures about 0.5ºC higher in the second half of the
menstrual cycle than before ovulation
Heat Gain and Loss Are Balanced
- temperature balance in the body like energy balance depends on a dynamic equilibrium
between input and output
o heat input has two components
▪ internal heat production
• heat from normal metabolism
• heat released during muscle contraction
▪ external heat input
• environment through either radiation or conduction
o external heat input + internal heat production = heat loss
- all objects with a temperature above absolute 0 give off radiant energy with infrared or visible
wavelengths
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