MBIO 4612 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Embryonic Stem Cell, Myod, Myf5
9 Feb 2020
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Document Summary
Bind dna outside of core promoter & interact with basal transcription machinery. Cause modifications in basal transcriptional complex increase/ decrease transcription: conformational changes, chemical changes - phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation. Create nucleation sites in promoters for activation complexes. Myod (a tf) can be used to reprogram the differentiation state of fibroblast cells: forces it to express muscle-specific genes. Induced pluripotent stem cells (ips: pluripotent cells artificially derived from adult cells (non-pluripotent, forced gene expression now similar to natural stem cells (ex. embryonic stem cells) Present in all cells at all times (gtf"s, sp1, nf1, ccaat: conditionally active. Requires activation 2 subgroups: a) developmental (cell specific, expression is tightly controlled, once expressed, requires no additional activation, ex. Gata, hnf, pit-1, myod, myf5, hox, winged helix: b) signal dependent, requires external signal for activation, extracellular ligand (endocrine or paracrine) dependent, cell membrane receptor dependent second messenger. Note basic zippers always bind as dimers! 3 categories: acidic domains, glutamine-rich domains, proline-rich domains.
